Детальная информация

Nanomaterials form the basis of nanoscience and nanotechnology and have important applications in almost all scientific fields such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. Although nanomaterials have been used for centuries in the stained glass windows and artworks, it was only in the past three decades that the synthetic techniques were able to evolve to the point that dimensional accuracy down to one nanometer could be achievable. Today, scientists and engineers have many ways to deliberately produce nanomaterials with precisely controlled size, shape, composition, and surface property to take advantage of their much improved physical and chemical properties such as greater catalytic activity, higher mechanical strength, and enhanced electrical, thermal, and spectral control than their bulk counterparts. As an essential branch of synthetic chemistry, solution-phase synthesis has emerged as one of the most versatile tools for producing various nanomaterials with tailored properties for particular applications. In this book, we first introduce two classic solution-phase approaches, including thermolysis and solvothermal processes, for the synthesis of nanostructured materials so that our readers will have some basic ideas about the typical procedure and apparatus. The main body of this book, however, is composed of a comprehensive list of most widely used protocols for the solution-phase synthesis of nanomaterials of various compositions. To make it convenient for the readers to find what they are interested in, we arrange the nanomaterials according to the atomic number of the main element in the compound. Then, for a specific material, the synthesis protocols are categorized according to the morphology of the nanostructures, such as spheres, cubes, rods, and wires. For each protocol, we provide a concise summary of the primary reactions involved in the synthesis and then more detailed experimental procedure so that the readers can gain a quick idea on what chemicals, reactions, and necessary steps will be expected if they want to repeat the synthesis. In the end of each protocol, we also provide additional information on the solubility of the nanomaterials and how the size, morphology, and composition are varied, which are often crucial to particular applications. If the readers decide to follow this protocol to make the same nanomaterial in their labs, they can refer to the source reference provided at the beginning of each section for a more detailed description of the process and more in-depth discussions. As one can imagine, a lot of work was involved in preparing this book. Therefore, we are extremely grateful to all the contributors who have spent many days and nights to make this book possible. Finally, we would like to remind our readers that, although we have tried our best to survey the literature as extensively as possible, we may still have overlooked some important protocols. In addition, the protocols collected in this book were published before 2018. With the continuous development of the solution-phase synthesis of nanomaterials, many new and more advanced protocols are emerging. If one can't find the desired protocols in this book, then he/she may want to search for the latest literature. In any case, we sincerely hope that our readers will find this book useful.