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Аннотация
This book provides a thorough analysis of the progressive journey in agriculture from green revolution to nano revolution, with recommendations of certain key points to be addressed in current and future agri-nanotechnology research, on the basis of recognized knowledge gaps. It is hoped that the current volume will serve as a reference book for students, scientists, professors, teachers and researchers who are involved in the study and research on the various aspects of agri-nanotechnology.
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Оглавление
- Emerging Trends in Agri-nanotechnology: Fundamental and Applied Aspects
- Copyright
- Contents
- About the Editors
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Rewinding the History of Agriculture and Emergence of Nanotechnology in Agriculture
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 A Brief Outline of Nanotechnology-based Researches in Agriculture
- 1.3 Achieving Sustainability in Agriculture Through Nanotechnology: What Are the Possibilities?
- 1.4 Challenges in Forthcoming Years
- 1.5 Future Approach
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 2 Use of Nanomaterials in Agriculture: Potential Benefits and Challenges
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Nanobiotechnology in the Context of Agriculture
- 2.3 Evaluation of Nanoagrochemical Toxicity: Studies in Laboratory Models and Environmental Impact
- 2.4 In Vitro and In Vivo Safety Evaluation of Nanoagrochemicals
- 2.5 Regulation: Is it the Greater Challenge for Use of Nanoagrochemicals?
- 2.6 Conclusions
- References
- 3 Green Nanotechnology for Enhanced Productivity in Agriculture
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Nanotechnologies for Enhanced Productivity in Agriculture
- 3.2.1 Nanofertilizers
- 3.2.2 Nanofibres
- 3.2.3 Nanopesticides and nanoherbicides
- 3.2.4 Smart drug-delivery systems
- 3.2.5 Nanosensors
- 3.2.6 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
- 3.3 Nanoparticles
- 3.4 Knowledge Gap
- 3.5 Conclusion
- References
- 4 Nanonutrient from Fungal Protein: Future Prospects on Crop Production
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Synthesis of Nanonutrients by Microorganism
- 4.3 Factors Affecting Synthesis of Nanoparticles
- 4.4 Characterization of Biosynthesized Nanoparticles
- 4.4.1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
- 4.4.2 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
- 4.4.3 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
- 4.4.4 X-ray diffraction (XRD)
- 4.4.5 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
- 4.4.6 EDX
- 4.4.7 Particle size analyser (PSA)
- 4.5 Application of Nanonutrients
- 4.6 Effect of Biosynthesized Nanonutrients
- 4.7 Nanonutrient for Enhancement of Gum Production
- 4.8 Nanonutrient on Crop Yields
- 4.9 Safety Assessment of Nanonutrients
- 4.10 Conclusion and Future Prospects
- References
- 5 Multifarious Applications of Nanotechnology for Enhanced Productivity in Agriculture
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Early Detection of Diseases, Pests and Nutrient Deficiencies Using Nano-Based Diagnostic Kits
- 5.3 Nanoagricultural Inputs
- 5.3.1 Nanofertilizers
- 5.4 Nanotechnology for Rainfed Agriculture
- 5.4.1 Moisture conservation
- 5.5 Weed Management
- 5.6 Nanotechnology for Plant Protection
- 5.7 Nanoparticles for Seed Invigoration
- 5.7.1 Emerging nanotechnologies in seed quality enhancement
- 5.8 Conclusion
- References
- 6 Different Methods of Nanoparticle Synthesis and Their Comparative Agricultural Applications
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Significance and Applications of Nanotechnology in Agriculture
- 6.2.1 Role of nanotechnology in fertilizers
- 6.2.2 Nanopesticides
- 6.3 Development of Different Methodologies for Nanoparticle Formation
- 6.3.1 Chemical method of nanoparticle synthesis
- 6.3.2 Physical method of nanoparticle synthesis
- 6.3.3 Biological methods of nanoparticle synthesis
- Nanoparticles synthesis using microorganisms
- Nanoparticles synthesis using plant extract(s)
- Nanoparticle synthesis using biological molecules
- 6.4 Emergence of Biological Methods and Comparative Advantages of Biosynthesized NPs Over Chemically Synthesized NPs
- 6.5 Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 7 Nanotoxicity to Agroecosystem: Impact on Soil and Agriculture
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Impact of Nanoparticles on Soil Environment
- 7.3 Toxicity of Nanoparticles to Soil Microflora
- 7.4 Nanoparticle-induced Phytotoxicity
- 7.5 Translocation of Nanoparticles via Root Uptake
- 7.6 Mechanism of Phytotoxicity
- 7.7 Are Ions or Nanoparticles Responsible for Toxicity?
- 7.8 Minimizing the Negative Impact on Agroecosystem: A Challenge
- 7.9 Future Perspectives
- 7.10 Conclusions
- References
- 8 Factors Affecting the Fate, Transport, Bioavailability and Toxicity of Nanoparticles in the Agroecosystem
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles
- 8.3 Effect of Nanoparticles on Soil Microbial Populations
- 8.4 Particle Size-dependent Toxicity
- 8.5 Sources and Status
- 8.6 Fate of Nanoparticles After Use and Generation of Nanowaste
- 8.7 Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 9 Nanotechnology: Comprehensive Understanding of Interaction, Toxicity and the Fate of Biosynthesized Nanoparticles in the Agroecosystem
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Classification and Source of Nanoparticles (NPs)
- 9.3 Need
- 9.4 Production
- 9.5 Interaction of Nanoparticles with Agroecosystem Components
- 9.5.1 Soil and soil biota
- 9.5.2 Plant system
- 9.6 Nanoformulations of Agrochemicals for Crop Improvement
- 9.7 Role of Nanosensors in Monitoring and Detection of Plant Diseases
- 9.8 Nanodevices for the Delivery of Genetic Material in Plants and Animals to Develop Resistant Strains and Varieties
- 9.9 Nanotechnology in Water Treatment and Reuse
- 9.10 The Transport and Fate of Nanoparticles in the Agroecosystem
- 9.11 Uptake Mechanism of Plant for ENPs
- 9.12 Translocation Mechanism of ENPs
- 9.13 Transmission Mechanism
- 9.14 Fate of NPs
- 9.15 Toxicity
- 9.15.1 Reasons for toxicity
- 9.15.2 Phytotoxicity mechanism of ENPs
- 9.16 Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Ecosystem
- 9.17 Risk Assessments
- 9.18 Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 10 Global Market of Nanomaterials and Colloidal Formulations for Agriculture: An Overview
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Applications of Nanomaterials and Colloidal Formulations in Agricultural Science
- 10.2.1 Sustained release formulations
- 10.2.2 Plant growth and soil management
- 10.2.3 Nanosensors/nanobiosensors
- 10.3 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
- Acknowledgements
- Conflict of Interest Statement
- Bibliography
- 11 The Responsible Development of Nanoproducts – Lessons from the Past
- 11.1 Highlights of Nanotechnology Development across the Globe
- 11.2 The Nanotechnology Initiatives in India – NSTI and Nano Mission
- 11.3 Standard Definitions: Are We Using Them Appropriately?
- 11.4 Interdisciplinary Nature of Nanotechnology
- 11.5 Public Acceptability
- 11.6 Nano-divide
- 11.7 Early Warnings and Recommendations
- 11.7.1 Risk assessment of nanoproducts
- 11.7.2 Size and surface area
- 11.8 Amount of Nanomaterial in a Nanoproduct
- 11.9 Environmental Hazard
- 11.10 Occupational Hazard
- 11.11 Marketing of Nanoproducts
- 11.11.1 Increasing research in agri-nanotechnology, but no apparent commercially available products
- 11.11.2 Concerns of the industries regarding labelling of nanotech-based products
- 11.12 Mistakes Made and Lessons to be Learned
- 11.12.1 The asbestos case study
- 11.12.2 Hazardous carbon nanotubes that resemble asbestos
- 11.12.3 Carcinogenic titanium dioxide nanoparticles
- 11.12.4 Silver nanoparticles
- 11.13 Concluding Remarks
- References
- 12 Nanotechnology Application and Emergence in Agriculture
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Nanotechnology Application on Agriculture
- 12.3 Water Sources
- 12.4 Nanosensors and Smart Delivery Systems
- 12.5 Genetically Developed Plants
- 12.6 Drug and Gene Delivery Systems
- 12.7 Benefits and Drawbacks of Nanotechnology Applications in Agriculture
- 12.8 Conclusion
- References
- 13 Positive and Negative Effects of Nanotechnology
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Positive Effects of Nanotechnology
- 13.2.1 Effect of nanoparticles (NPs) in improving plant growth and its chemical composition under normal conditions
- 13.2.2 Effect of nanoparticles on plant growth and its chemical composition under environmental stresses
- 13.3 Non-Beneficial Effect of Nanoparticles on Plant Growth and Its Chemical Composition Under Normal and Stressed Conditions
- 13.4 Conclusion
- References
- 14 Vanguard Nano(bio)sensor Technologies Fostering the Renaissance of Agriculture
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Nanotechnology in the Agri-food Sector
- 14.3 Nanotechnology in Smart Agriculture
- 14.4 Nano(bio)sensors
- 14.4.1 Nanosensors to detect soil humidity
- 14.4.2 Nano(bio)sensors to detect soil nutrients
- 14.4.3 Nano(bio)sensors to detect pesticides
- 14.4.4 Nano(bio)sensors to detect plant pathogens and pests
- 14.5 The Nanobiosensor Trade
- 14.6 Future Perspectives and Conclusions
- References
- 15 Current Trends and Future Priorities of Nanofertilizers
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Current Trends
- 15.2.1 Controlled and efficient delivery of nutrients
- 15.2.2 Nanotechnology for recovery of nutrients
- 15.3 Trends in Nanofertilizers
- 15.3.1 Back to the basics: reverse-engineering nature
- 15.3.2 Prospect of nanofertilizer
- 15.4 Perspectives, Gaps and Obstacles
- References
- 16 Biosafety and Regulatory Aspects of Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food
- 16.3 Biosafety Issues Regarding the Use of Nanoparticles
- 16.4 Regulation
- 16.5 Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 17 Implication of Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Water and Air Pollution
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Nanoparticles in Wastewater Treatment
- 17.2.1 Dendrimers in water treatment
- 17.2.2 Metal nanoparticle
- 17.2.3 Zeolite
- 17.2.4 Carbonaceous nanoparticle
- 17.3 Nanoparticles for the Adsorption of Toxic Gases
- 17.3.1 Adsorption of dioxins
- 17.3.2 NOx adsorption
- 17.3.3 CO 2 capture
- 17.3.4 Removal of volatile organic compounds from air
- 17.4 Conclusions
- References
- 18 Role of Nanotechnology in Insect Pest Management
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 What is Nanotechnology?
- 18.3 Nanoparticles
- 18.4 Nanoencapsulation
- 18.5 Application of Nanotechnology
- 18.5.1 Other applications of nanotechnology
- 18.5.2 Areas of nanoscience research in agriculture and food science
- 18.5.3 Natural nanoparticles in insects
- 18.5.4 Nanotechnology in migrational studies
- 18.5.5 Nanopesticides
- 18.6 Categories of Nanopesticides
- 18.7 Safety of Nanoinsecticides
- 18.8 Conclusion
- References
- Index
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