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Оглавление
- Argument Selectors
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Table of contents
- Argument selectors: A new perspective on grammatical relationsAn introduction
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Grammatical relations: A brief history of research
- 3. Arguments
- 3.1 Arguments vs. adjuncts
- 3.2 Generalized semantic roles
- 3.3 Predicate classes
- 3.4 Referential specifications of arguments
- 4. Clause-level conditions
- 5. Argument selectors
- 5.1 Argument marking
- 5.2 Phrase structure
- 5.3 Biclausal argument selectors
- 5.3.1 Argument selectors with control and raising verbs
- 5.3.2 Argument selectors with other types of clause combining
- 5.3.3 Relativization site as an argument selector
- 5.4 Diathesis alternation
- 5.5 Other argument selectors
- 6. Conclusion
- References
- Appendix: Questionnaire
- Grammatical relations in Mapudungun
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Argument selectors
- 2.1 Dependent marking
- 2.2 Head marking
- 2.3 Word order
- 2.4 Some potential argument selectors
- 2.5 Addressees of imperatives
- 2.6 Nonfinite verb forms
- 2.6.1 Am- and üm-forms
- 2.6.2 N-, el, and etew-forms
- 2.6.3 Lu-forms
- 2.6.4 Summary
- 2.7 Raising and control
- 3. Summary and discussion
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Data sources
- References
- Grammatical relations in Sanzhi Dargwa
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Sanzhi Dargwa
- 1.2 The argument/adjunct distinction
- 1.3 Predicate classes and valency
- 2. Previous studies on grammatical relations in the Nakh-Daghestanian languages
- 2. Previous studies on grammatical relations in the Nakh-Daghestanian languages
- 3. Head marking: Agreement
- 3.1 Gender/number agreement
- 3.2 Person agreement
- 4. Dependent marking: Case
- 5. Imperatives
- 6. Conjunction reduction
- 7. Complement control
- 8. Reflexives and reciprocals
- 8.1 Reflexive constructions
- 8.2 Reciprocal constructions
- 9. Causativization
- 10. Relativization
- 11. Antipassive
- 12. Quantifier floating
- 13. Summary
- Abbreviations
- References
- 1. Introduction
- Grammatical relations in Mon: Syntactic tests in an isolating language
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Transitivity in Mon: Syntactic and semantic
- 2.1 Intransitive expressions
- 2.2 Transitive expressions
- 2.3 Ditransitive expressions
- 2.4 Semantic transitivity
- 3. Argument selectors in Mon
- 3.1 Word order
- 3.2 Case marking
- 3.3 Voice
- 3.3.1 Passive
- 3.3.2 Causative
- 3.4 Secondary verbs
- 3.5 Control
- 3.6 Reflexives
- 3.7 Purposive clauses
- 3.8 Not relevant in Mon
- 4. Conclusions
- Sources
- Abbreviations
- References
- Grammatical relations in Hiligaynon
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Clause structure
- 2.1 Arguments
- 2.2 Adjuncts
- 2.3 Predicates
- 2.3.1 Zero transitives
- 2.3.2 Intransitives
- 2.3.3 Transitives
- 3. Argument structure alternations
- 3.1 Intransitivizers
- 3.2 Transitivizers
- 3.2.1 Basic transitivers
- 3.2.2 Instrumental transitivizers
- 3.2.3 Locative transitivizers
- 3.2.4 Causatives
- 3.3 Reflexives and reciprocals
- 3.4 The status of voice morphology
- 4. Grammatical relations in use
- 4.1 Referent properties: Animacy, identifiability, and specificity
- 4.2 Information flow through discourse: Topicality
- 4.3 Information flow: Topic shifts
- 4.4 Information flow: Focus
- 5. Syntactic constructions
- 5.1 Imperatives
- 5.2 Quantifiers
- 5.3 Conjunction reduction
- 5.4 Nominalization
- 5.5 Content questions
- 5.6 Relativization
- 5.7 Secondary-predicate constructions
- 5.8 Complement constructions
- 5.8.1 Syntactic status of the complement
- 5.8.2 Controller S = (Controllee S)
- 5.8.3 Controller P = (Controllee S)
- 5.8.4 Controller P = (Controllee A)
- 5.8.5 Controller S = (Controllee A)
- 5.8.6 Controller A = (Controllee S)
- 5.8.7 Controller A = (Controllee A)
- 5.8.8 The complement
- 5.8.9 Complement constructions: Summary
- 6. Conclusion
- References
- Grammatical relations in Basque
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Overt coding selectors
- 2.1 Dependent marking
- 2.2 Head marking
- 3. Behavioral selectors involving coreference
- 3.1 Adverbial clauses
- 3.2 Control and raising
- Control
- Raising
- 4. Other behavioral selectors
- 4.1 Relativization site
- 4.2 Focus constructions
- 4.3 Addressee of imperatives
- 4.4 Voice
- 5. Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- References
- Appendix. Selected Basque auxiliary forms
- Grammatical relations in Movima: Alignment beyond semantic roles
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The basic clause and its components
- 2.1 The direct-inverse system
- 2.2 Formal properties of argument encoding
- 2.3 Obliques: Adjuncts or oblique arguments?
- 2.4 Argument encoding in embedded clauses
- 3. Argument selectors privileging the external argument
- 3.1 Headed relative clauses, detransitivization, and negation
- 3.2 Verbal RPs
- 3.3 Pronoun fronting
- 3.4 Wh-questions
- 3.5 Oblique arguments? Evidence from relativization
- 3.5.1 Relativization of non-core arguments
- 3.5.2 Relativization of applied arguments
- 3.6 Fronted demonstratives
- 3.7 Argument incorporation
- 4. Argument selection based on semantic role
- 4.1 Possessor ascension
- 4.2 Imperatives
- 5. “Neutral” constructions
- 5.1 Reflexives
- 5.2 Coordination
- 5.3 Embedding
- 5.4 Floating quantifiers
- 6. Conclusion
- Symbols and abbreviations in glosses
- References
- Grammatical relations in Balinese
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Grammatical relations and classes of arguments
- 3. Pivot and its selectors in Balinese
- 3.1 Structural position
- 3.2 Voice marking
- 3.3 Behavioural properties
- 4. Core arguments
- 4.1 Argument flagging
- 4.2 Structural rigidity
- 4.3 Quantifier float
- 4.4 Left dislocation
- 4.5 Depictive predicates
- 4.6 Reflexives
- 4.7 Argument elision in imperatives
- 5. Obliques
- 6. Three-place predicates
- 7. Adjuncts
- 8. Clausal arguments
- 9. Adverbial clauses
- 9.1 Adverbial clause marking
- 9.2 Anaphoric control of the adverbial argument
- 10. Conclusion
- References
- Grammatical relations in Mandinka
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Verbal predication in Mandinka
- 2.1 Core terms and obliques
- 2.2 Verbal predication with two core terms
- 2.3 Verbal predication with a single core term
- 2.4 Transitivity alternations, or null core terms?
- 2.5 The middle variant of the verbal predicative construction with two core terms
- 2.5 The middle variant of the verbal predicative construction with two core terms
- 3. Valency classes and alignment in the coding properties or arguments
- 3.1 Monovalent verbs
- 3.2 Bivalent verbs
- 3.3 Trivalent verbs
- 3.4 Alignment in argument coding
- 4. Valency alternations
- 4.1 Uncoded valency alternations
- 4.1.1 C2 ~ C alternation
- 4.1.2 C2 ~ X alternation
- 4.1.3 The active/introversive alternation
- 4.1.4 The C2 ~ X permutation
- 4.1.5 Alternations involving the middle construction
- 4.1.6 The C ~ X alternation (or presentational alternation)
- 4.2 Valency operations involving a change in the verb stem
- 4.2.1 Antipassive derivation and the antipassive periphrasis
- 4.2.2 Causative derivation
- 4.2.3 Postposition incorporation
- 4.3 Conclusion of Section 4
- 4.1 Uncoded valency alternations
- 5. Constructions and operations for which the distinction between C, C1, C2, and X is not relevant
- 5. Constructions and operations for which the distinction between C, C1, C2, and X is not relevant
- 5.1 Topicalization
- 5.2 Focalization
- 5.3 Wh-questions
- 5.4 Relativization (1)
- 6. Secondary predication as a construction in which core terms contrast with obliques, but core terms are all treated in the same way
- 7. Constructions and operations in which C/C1 contrasts with C2
- 7.1 Imperative clauses
- 7.2 Reflexivization and reciprocalization
- 7.3 Infinitival constructions and coreference in clause coordination
- 7.4 Relativization (2)
- 7.5 Nominalization
- 7.6 Gerundive incorporation
- 7.7 Discourse particles
- 8. Constructions and operations in which C/C2 contrasts with C1
- 8.1 The resultative participle
- 8.2 Similative incorporation
- 9. Constructions and operations with a tripartite treatment of C, C1 and C2
- 9. Constructions and operations with a tripartite treatment of C, C1 and C2
- 10. Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- References
- Grammatical relations in Telkepe Neo-Aramaic: Grammatical relations in Telkepe Neo-Aramaic
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Telkepe Neo-Aramaic
- 1.2 The Telkepe verbal system
- 1.3 The argument–adjunct continuum
- 2. Indexes of participants on verbs
- 2.1 Indexes on simplex verbs
- 2.2 Indexes on analytical verb forms
- 3. Predicate types
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Intransitive predicates
- 3.2.1 One-place intransitive predicates with subject indexing
- 3.2.2 Intransitives with a referential but non-indexed sole argument
- 3.2.3 Two-place intransitive predicates with second argument indexed
- 3.2.4 Two-place intransitive verbs with non-indexed independent complement
- 3.2.5 Copulaic expressions
- 3.2.6 Intransitive predicates with non-referential subjects
- 3.3 Transitive verbs
- 3.3.1 Two-place transitive verbs with indexed object
- 3.3.2 Excursus on development of inversion
- 3.3.3 Two-place transitive verbs with an object NP
- 3.3.4 Transitive verbs with covert object
- 3.3.5 Three-place transitive verbs with argument indexed by B-suffix
- 3.3.6 Redundant L-suffix with impersonal use of ʕjb I ‘to please’
- 3.3.7 Three-place transitive verbs with non-indexed third participant
- 3.3.8 Labile verb lexemes
- 3.3.9 Three-place ditransitive verbs
- 3.3.10 Two-place ditransitive verbs with covert T or R
- 3.4 Analytical verb forms
- 4. Syntactic behaviour of participants in verb phrase
- 4.1 Triggering of indexing
- 4.2 Word order
- 4.3 Alignment in flagging of independent arguments
- 4.4 Agreement of participles in analytical verb forms
- 4.5 Imperatives
- 4.6 Complement control
- 4.7 Valency alternations and causativization
- 4.8 Passivization
- 4.9 Relativization
- 5. Conclusions
- Glosses, abbreviations and symbols
- References
- 1. Introduction
- Grammatical relations in Kubeo
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Verb agreement
- 2.1 Finite verb agreement
- 2.1.1 Non-agreeing constructions
- 2.2 Imperatives and exhortatives
- 2.3 Agreement in nominalized clauses
- 2.1 Finite verb agreement
- 3. Case marking
- 3.1 Aditr, As and Sa
- 3.2 G, T and P
- 3.2.1 Non-canonical bivalent constructions and Sp case marking
- 3.3 Adjuncts with -re
- 3.4 Case-marking and non-finite clauses
- 4. Constituent order
- 5. Valence increasing operations
- 5.1 Causative constructions
- 5.2 Applicative constructions
- 6. Valence-decreasing operations
- 6.1 Noun incorporation
- 6.2 Passivization
- 6.2.1 Non-canonical passive constructions
- 7. Resolution of anaphora
- 8. Conclusion
- Abbreviations
- References
- Grammatical relations in Yaqui
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Case marking
- 3. Word order
- 4. Suppletion and number marking
- 5. Dative case, oblique arguments and adjuncts
- 6. Double-object constructions and valence-change mechanisms
- 6.1 Three-place predicates.
- 6.2 Applicative constructions
- 6.3 Causative constructions
- 7. Control constructions
- 8. Anaphoric constructions
- 9. Conclusions
- References
- Grammatical relations in Yakkha (Kiranti)
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Verbal person marking
- 3. Valency
- 3.1 Frames of intransitive inflection
- The standard intransitive frame
- The intransitive experiencer frame
- The motion verb frame
- 3.2 Frames of transitive inflection
- The standard monotransitive frame
- The experiencer-as-object frame
- The transimpersonal frame
- Three-argument frames
- 3.3 The experiencer-as-possessor frames
- 3.4 Valency alternations
- Lability
- Alternations in three-argument verbs
- 3.1 Frames of intransitive inflection
- 4. Transitivity operations
- 4.1 Morphologically unmarked detransitivizations
- The passive detransitivization
- The antipassive detransitivization
- 4.2 Morphologically marked transitivity operations
- The causative
- The benefactive
- The reflexive
- The reciprocal
- 4.1 Morphologically unmarked detransitivizations
- 5. Constructions with an accusative pivot
- 5.1 Converbal clauses
- 5.2 Participant nominalization
- 6. Ergatively aligned relativization via =na and =ha
- 7. Reference-based alignment
- 7.1 Tense-aspect marking
- 7.2 The necessitative construction
- 8. Summary
- References
- Grammatical relations in Katla
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Grammatical relations
- 2.1 Indexing of arguments on the verb
- 2.2 Constituent order
- 2.3 Derivational morphology: Causatives, applicatives
- 2.4 External possession
- 2.5 Co-referential arguments across clauses
- 2.6 Secondary predicates
- 3. Summary
- Abbreviations
- References
- Index
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