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Оглавление
- Cover
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Executive Summary
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Stylized Facts on SOEs in the CESEE Region
- 3. Rationale and Objectives of State Ownership
- 4. State-Owned Enterprise Performance
- Are SOEs as Efficient and Profitable as Private Firms
- Why are SOEs Less Productive than Their Private Counterparts
- 5. State-Owned Banks and Links to SOEs
- Background
- Stylized Facts on SOBs and DBs in the CESEE Region
- How Do CESEE Region SOBs Perform Compared to Private Banks
- A Deeper Look at Why SOBs Have Relatively Lower Profitability
- Financial Soundness
- SOB-SOE Lending Links
- 6. Are (Nonfinancial) State Ownership Objectives Being Achieved
- Supply of Public Goods and Services
- Support of Social Objectives
- 7. SOE Corporate Governance
- Ownership Policy
- Financial Oversight
- Fiscal and Policy Interactions
- SOE Oversight Index
- Does Better Governance Affect SOE Performance
- 8. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
- Conclusions
- Policy Recommendations
- Annex 1. Definitions of SOE and SOB Used in the Paper
- Annex 2. SOE Data Survey
- Annex 3. Filtering and Cleaning the Orbis Sample
- Annex 4. Resource Misallocation and Total Factor Productivity
- Annex 5. Calculating Resource Allocation Efficiency Using Firm-Level Data
- Annex 6. Effect of State Ownership on Productivity
- Annex 7. State-Owned and Private Banks
- Annex 8. Matching Banks and Firms
- Annex 9. SOR Oversight Index
- References
- Boxes
- Box 1. The Russian State: Size and Footprint
- Box 2. SOE Performance in Belarus
- Box 3. SOEs in Croatia
- Box 4. Ownership Structure and Productivity: Evidence from Poland
- Box 5. The NLB Case: Ambitions of a Private Bank with Flawed Governance
- Box 6. The Role of National Development Financing Entities in CESEE
- Box 7. Belarus and Serbia: Government Financing of SOEs and SOBs
- Box 8. PKP Reorganization: From Cost-Cutting to Privatization Efforts
- Box 9. The Slovalco Case: Supporting the Privatization of a Large Company Through the Back Door
- Box 10. Naftogaz Group (Ukraine) 2014 Restructuring
- Box 11. ESM: Sector Restructuring and Focused Privatization
- Figures
- Figure 1. OECD: SOE Employment vs. Number of SOEs
- Figure 2. SOE Prevalence
- Figure 3. SOE Footprint
- Figure 4. Evolution of SOE Footprint (2005–2016)
- Figure 5. State Footprint in Different Sectors of the Economy
- Figure 6. Objectives for SOE Ownership
- Figure 7. Revenue per Employee, 2014–2016
- Figure 8. Distribution of Revenue per Employee, 2014–2016
- Figure 9. Revenue per Employee, 2014–2016
- Figure 10. Employee Cost Share in Operating Revenue, 2014–2016
- Figure 11. SOE Wage Premium, 2016
- Figure 12. Distribution of Return on Equity, 2014–2016
- Figure 13. Distribution of Return on Equity, 2014–2016
- Figure 14. SOE Productivity
- Figure 15. Relationship between Misallocation and SOE Share of Sector Output
- Figure 16. Optimal Allocations of Capital and Labor by SOEs
- Figure 17. Output Gains by SOEs Moving to Private Sector Productivity Distribution
- Figure 18. Public Bank Assets Share in the Banking System, 2016
- Figure 19. Business Models
- Figure 20. Profitability of Private Banks versus SOBs
- Figure 21. Decomposition of Return on Assets
- Figure 22. Financial Soundness Indicators
- Figure 23. Profits per Type of Firm, per Type of Bank
- Figure 24. NPL Ratios, 2006–16
- Figure 25. Current to Total Assets, 2014–2016
- Figure 26. Public Capital Stock and Infrastructure Quality
- Figure 27. Financial Inclusion
- Figure 28. Gross Job Reallocation
- Figure 29. Net Employment Dynamics
- Figure 30. Performance Around the GFC
- Figure 31. Composite SOE Governance Index
- Figure 32. Governance and SOE Performance
- Tables
- Table 1. Ownership Policy
- Table 2. Financial Oversight Framework
- Table 3. Fiscal and Policy Interactions
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