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Оглавление
- Title Page
- Contents
- Preface
- Course group shot
- The mechanics of supershear earthquake ruptures
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Physical problem
- 3. Numerical solutions
- 4. Frequency content
- 5. The penetration of the forbidden zone
- 6. The shear-Mach and the Rayleigh-Mach cones
- 7. The two transition styles: the direct transition and the mother-daughter mechanism
- 8. Different ground motions
- 9. Concluding remarks
- Unusual large earthquakes on oceanic transform faults
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Pre-existing zones of weakness on the ocean floor
- 3. Re-activation of old transform faults: earthquakes with conjugate faulting in oceanic environments
- 3.1. The 1989 great Macquarie Ridge earthquake reactivated a dormant conjugate fault
- 3.2. The 1987-1992 and the January 23, 2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake sequences
- 3.3. The Mw7.8 18 June 2000 Wharton Basin earthquake: simultaneous rupture of conjugate faults in an oceanic setting
- 3.4. The January 11 and 12, 2012 twin Sumatra earthquake (Mw8.6,8.2)
- 4. A great earthquake on a fossil fracture zone: the 2004 Tasman Sea earthquake
- 4.1. Slip below the Moho during earthquakes
- 5. A great earthquake with the main fault plane normal to regional transform faults: the 1998 Mw8.1 Antarctic plate earthquake
- 6. Conclusions
- The evolution of fault slip rate prior to earthquake: The role of slow- and fast-slip modes
- 1. Wide spectrum of slip rate from fast- to slow-slip
- 1.1. Various types of slow earthquakes
- 1.2. Complexity of slow earthquakes
- 1.3. The early acceleration phase of slow-slip event
- 2. Episodic unlocking of fault prior to large earthquake
- 2.1. Foreshock sequence of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, Japan earthquake
- 2.2. Foreshock sequence of the 2014 Mw 8.2 Iquique, Chile earthquake
- 2.3. Triggering of the 2014 Mw 7.3 Papanoa, Mexico earthquake by a slow-slip event
- 2.4. Foreshock sequence of the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto, Japan earthquake
- 3. Discussion
- 4. Conclusions
- 1. Wide spectrum of slip rate from fast- to slow-slip
- The spectrum of fault slip modes from elastodynamic rupture to slow earthquakes
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Mechanics of slow slip
- 2.1. Friction laws for slow slip
- 2.2. Laboratory observations of the full spectrum of slip modes from fast to slow
- 2.3. Mechanics of laboratory slow earthquakes
- 3. Earthquake scaling laws for dynamic rupture and slow slip
- 4. Conclusions
- From foreshocks to mainshocks: mechanisms and implications for earthquake nucleation and rupture propagation
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Foreshocks and mainshocks
- 2.1. 1934 and 1966 Parkfield, California, USA
- 2.2. 1992 Joshua Tree, California, USA
- 2.3. 1999 Izmit, Turkey
- 2.4. 1999 Hector Mine, California, USA
- 3. Mainshock initial rupture process
- 3.1. 1989 Loma Prieta, California, USA
- 3.2. 2004 Parkfield, California, USA
- 4. Near source observations at SAFOD
- 5. Discussion
- 6. Conclusions
- Experimental statistics and stochastic modeling of stick-slip dynamics in a sheared granular fault
- 1. Motivations
- 1.1. Crackling noise
- 1.2. The point of view of the statistical physics
- 1.3. Critical phenomena
- 1.4. Universality
- 2. Sheared granular matter in laboratory experiments
- 2.1. The laboratory set up
- 2.2. Distribution of dynamical quantities
- 3. A stochastic model for the slider motion
- 3.1. The friction force
- 3.2. Results from the model
- 4. Criticality and its possible breakdown
- 4.1. Where does criticality come from?
- 4.2. The ABBM model
- 4.3. Breakdown of criticality
- 5. Summary and perspectives
- 1. Motivations
- Inversion of earthquake rupture process: Theory and applications
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Theory and methods
- 2.1. Seismic inversion
- 2.1.1. Inversion with fixed rake
- 2.1.2. Inversion with rake variation
- 2.1.3. Limitations and constraints
- 2.1.4. Equations for the three kinds of inversions
- 2.1.5. An example: The 2009 Mw6.3 L'Aquila, Italy, earthquake
- 2.2. Joint inversion of seismic and geodetic data
- 2.1. Seismic inversion
- 3. Applications
- 3.1. The Mw7.8 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of 14 November 2001
- 3.1.1. Tectonic settings
- 3.1.2. Aftershocks
- 3.1.3. Focal mechanism
- 3.1.4. Distribution of static slip
- 3.1.5. Source rupture process
- 3.1.6. Surface ruptures
- 3.2. The Mw7.9 Wenchuan, Sichuan, earthquake of 12 May 2008
- 3.2.1. Tectonic setting
- 3.2.2. Focal mechanism and aftershocks
- 3.2.3. Distribution of static slip
- 3.2.4. Source rupture process
- 3.3. The Mw6.9 Yushu, Qinghai, earthquake of 14 April 2010
- 3.3.1. Tectonic setting
- 3.3.2. Focal mechanism
- 3.3.3. Distribution of static slip
- 3.3.4. Source rupture process
- 3.4. Applications to the earthquake emergency response
- 3.1. The Mw7.8 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of 14 November 2001
- 4. Summary
- Do plates begin to slip before some large earthquakes?
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Izmit earthquake
- 3. Interplate and intraplate earthquakes
- Dynamics and spectral properties of subduction earth-quakes
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Observations
- 3. Theory
- 3.1. Near field from a point source in an infinite medium
- 3.2. A simplified model
- 4. The 1 April 2014 Iquique earthquake
- 5. The 24 April 2017 Valparaiso earthquake
- 5.1. Observations of the Valparaiso earthquake
- 6. Discussion
- 7. Conclusions
- Earthquake occurrence, recurrence, and hazard
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Earthquake phenomenology: the state of the art
- 3. Earthquakes according to PSHA
- Assumption 0. A probabilistic model of earthquake occurrence can be derived
- Assumption 1. Seismicity is known
- Assumption 2. Seismicity is time independent
- Assumption 3. Tectonic strain is released by large earthquakes
- Assumption 4. Strain energy is released by Characteristic Earthquakes
- Assumption 5. The impossible assumption: Characteristic Earthquakes occurring at random
- Assumption 6. Exceedance probability and Return Time
- Assumption 7. The sum of ignorance leads to knowledge: the cognitive democracy of logic trees
- 4. Discussion
- 5. Conclusions
- List of participants
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