This is the first book to bring economists and applied entomologists together to make the case for better integrated pest management strategies in crops based on economic arguments and analyses.

• The Economics of Integrated Pest Management of Insects
• Copyright
• Contents
• Contributors
• Preface
• 1 Major Economic Issues in Integrated Pest Management
  • Basic Economics of Management
  • System Design
  • Economic Studies for the Major Approaches to IPM
    • Design changes and choices made for the long term
      • Classical biological control
      • Choice of livestock breed and crop variety
      • Schedule for crop or livestock paddock rotation
      • Physical design of landscape
    • Control based on decisions during a season
      • Augmentative biological control
      • Insecticides and chemicals used to attract, confuse or repel pests
      • Genetic control
  • The Challenge and the Opportunity
  • References
• 2 Economic Evaluation of Integrated Mosquito Control in Urban Areas
  • What is Economic Evaluation?
  • Why Do We Need an Economic Evaluation?
  • Framework for an Economic Evaluation
    • Phase 1 Research question
    • Phase 2 Study design
    • Phase 3 Identify, measure, value costs and outcomes
      • Identify, measure and value costs
      • Strategies in measuring costs
      • Strategies in valuing outcomes
      • Past empirical studies
    • Phase 4 Calculate the incremental costs and outcomes
  • Case Study: AWPM in New Jersey
    • Cost of AWPM
    • The impact of AWPM
      • Hours lost due to mosquitoes in urban areas
      • The utility associated with AWPM
      • WTP for AWPM and for an extra mosquito-free hour
  • Instrument to Estimate WTP
  • Results of WTP for AWPM Programme
  • The Monetary Value of an Additional Hour an Adult Resident Spends Enjoying Yard and Porch Activities Free of Mosquitoes During a Typical Summer Week
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  • Results: WTP for an Additional Mosquito-Free Hour Engaged in Yard and Porch Activities
    • Economic evaluation of AWPM in New Jersey
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• 3 What Can We Learn from More Recent (and More ‘Rigorous’) Economic Impact Assessments of Integrated Pest Management Farmer Field Schools (IPM-FFS)?
  • Methods: Structure of the Review Approach
    • Descriptive information on the studies reviewed
  • Economic Impact Evidence from Recent Studies
    • Yield effects
    • Input use effects
    • Effects on profits and/or income
    • Effects on adoption of FFS-recommended practices
      • Effects on knowledge
    • Effects on other outcomes: spillovers, food security and poverty
  • Conclusions and Implications
  • References
• 4 Economic Value of Arthropod Biological Control
  • Concepts and Methods
    • Measuring farm-level impacts
    • Measuring market-level impacts
    • Benefit–cost analysis
    • Externalities – non-market benefits and costs
  • Introductory (Classical) Biological Control
    • The record of evaluations
    • Economic approaches and outcomes
  • Augmentative Biological Control
  • Conservation Biological Control
    • The record of evaluations
    • Economic approaches and outcomes
      • Modified insecticide use and economic thresholds
      • Habitat manipulation
  • Considerations for Moving Forward
    • Constraints to uptake of biological control
    • Hard technology, advantage and challenge to biological control
  • References
• 5 Economics of Host-Plant Resistance
  • Native Traits
  • Transgenic Insecticidal Crops
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 6 Economic Principles and Concepts in Area-Wide Genetic Pest Management
  • Overview of Technologies Created and Proposed
    • Proposed transgenic refinements to traditional SIT programmes
    • Conditional lethal approaches
    • Gene drives
    • Interaction with other pest control tools
  • Economic Principles for Efficient GPM
    • Fixed and recurring costs of GPM
    • Distinctions of GPM benefits over time and space
    • A simple intertemporal decision model for efficient GPM
    • Spatial considerations in GPM planning
    • Monitoring and local eradication
    • Integration with other control measures
    • Uncertainty, irreversibility and option value
  • GPM as a Public Good (or Bad)
  • Conclusions
  • Appendix 6.1: Regression Analysis of SIT Fixed Costs
  • Appendix 2: Bio-economic Analysis of Grower Behaviour Interactions with GPM
  • References
• 7 Economic Thresholds and Sampling in Integrated Pest Management
  • Basic Concepts and Techniques
  • Sampling in IPM
  • The Cost and Value of Sampling
  • Economic Thresholds for Multiple Species
  • Case Studies
    • Maize IPM in the United States
    • Alfalfa pests in the United States
    • Soybean pests in Brazil and the United States
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 8 Economic Impacts of Integrated Pest Management Practices in Developing Countries
  • Impacts of IPM Practices in Asia
    • Rice
    • Vegetables and fruits
    • Other crops
  • Impacts of IPM Practices in Africa
  • Impacts of IPM Practices in Latin America/Caribbean
  • Summary and Discussion of Economic Impacts of IPM in Developing Countries
  • References
• 9 The Roles of Soft Technologies and Cooperative Extension in Solving Wicked Integrated Pest Management Problems
  • IPM Complications
    • Industry-wide adoption of single tactic leading to overdependence
    • Genetically engineered crops
      • Glyphosate-resistant crops
      • Insecticidal crops
    • Prophylactic control
      • Seed treatments
      • Foliar treatments
    • Human behaviour
      • Consumer demand
      • Preference for organic foods and crops not genetically engineered
      • Farmer behaviour
  • IPM Successes
    • A nascent IPM success example
    • A mature IPM success example
  • The Future of IPM
    • Concentrated external influences
    • Site-specific management
    • Increased ability to predict pest problems
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 10 Perseverance Pays Off: Finishing the Integrated Pest Management Marathon with Economics
  • Strategies for Integrated Pest Management
  • Funding for IPM Research and Economics
  • Education, Cooperative Extension and Farmer Field Schools
  • Innovation and Technology
  • Conclusions
  • References
• Index