This book covers historical experiences, contemporary practices, and comparative perspectives of policing and law enforcement in various parts of the world to provide reliable literature on international and comparative policing.

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• This book is dedicated to all the contributors and their loved ones in recognition of the commitment it took to work from home in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic that threatened humanity across the globe.
• Contents
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: Global Perspectives in Policing and Law Enforcement: Approaches, Challenges, and Opportunities
  • Synopsis of the Book
  • References
• Part I: Africa
• Chapter 1: Policing in Ghana
  • A Brief History of Policing in Ghana
  • Recruitment and Training
  • Police–Citizen Ratio
  • Community Policing
  • Police Prosecutions
  • Police Deviance
  • The Ghana Police Service: Future Directions and Challenges
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 2: Policing in the Republic of Kenya: Structure and Practice
  • Background
  • Police Administration in Kenya
  • Recruitment and Deployment
  • Police Corruption and Law Enforcement Process
  • Devolved Government and Centralized Policing
  • Levels of Policing
  • Crime Investigation
  • Police Misconduct
  • Summary and Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 3: Policing and Law Enforcement in Zimbabwe
  • Introduction
  • History
  • The ZRP Organization
  • ZRP Recruitment and Eligibility
  • ZRP Training
  • Legal Framework of Policing in Zimbabwe
  • The Police and Crime Prevention
  • Corruption in the Police Service
  • Community Policing of Politics and Stock Theft
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Part II: Europe
• Chapter 4: Battles to Define the Danish Police: Police Reform and the Transformation of Organizational Ideals and Practices
  • Background and Approach of the Chapter
  • From Good Police to Police Force
  • The Battle to Define the Civic Police
  • The Industrial Police
  • The Project Police
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 5: Police in England and Wales
  • History and Current Structure of the Police in England and Wales
  • Approaches to Policing in England and Wales
  • Police Powers: A Case of Stop and Search
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
• Chapter 6: Criminal Policies in Action: Italian Police Forces, Discretionary Powers, and Selective Law Enforcement
  • History and Organization of Italy’s Police Forces
  • Organized Crime and Street Crime
  • Migration Control and the Criminalization of Immigrants
  • The Police and the Italian Prison System
  • Police and Public Order
  • Note
  • References
• Chapter 7: The Police and Policing in Poland
  • Development of “Policja” and Policing (1919–1990)
  • The New “Policja” and its Current Structure (1991–2020)
  • Community Policing and Police Reform (2017–2020)
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 8: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Police Organization in the Republic of Serbia
  • Introduction
  • The General Police Directorate of the Ministry of the Interior
  • Composition of Police Stations
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Part III: Asia and Oceania
• Chapter 9: The Chinese Police: Structure, Police–Public Relations, and Deviance
  • Brief History
  • The Organizational Structure
  • Worsening Police-Public Relations
  • Police Deviance
  • Notes
  • References
• Chapter 10: The Police System in India: Issues and Challenges
  • Introduction
  • Historical Evolution of Police System
  • Establishment of Formal Police System
  • Legal Framework of Police System
  • Police Organization and Structure
  • Geographical Division of Police
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 11: Policing and Law Enforcement in Indonesia
  • Introduction
  • History of Police in Indonesia
  • Indonesian Police Reform
  • Issues of Corruption
  • Public Perceptions of Police
  • Procedural Justice Policing
  • Women in the Police Force
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 12: The Challenges of the Royal Malaysia Police
  • Brief History of the Royal Malaysia Police
  • Organization and Structure of the Royal Malaysia Police
  • Regional and International Cooperation
  • Major Challenges Faced by RMP
  • Are the Allegations against the Royal Malaysia Police Fair?
  • Notes
  • References
• Chapter 13: Law Enforcement and Policing in Australia: State and Federal Systems from the “Convict Night Watch” to “Problem-Oriented Policing”
  • Origins of Australia’s Policing and Law Enforcement
  • Jurisdictional Boundaries
  • Other Australian Criminal Justice Agencies
  • Policing and Indigenous Australians
  • Challenges: Multiculturalism and Diversity within Australian Police Services
  • Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 14: Policing in New Zealand
  • Introduction
  • New Zealand’s Public Policing System
  • New Zealand Police Forces
  • Culture, Conduct, and Change
  • Summary
  • Notes
  • References
• Part IV: The Americas and the Caribbean
• Chapter 15: Police and Policing in the United States of America
  • History of American Policing
  • Structure and Functions of the American Police
  • Race and Police in the United States
  • Conclusion
  • Reference
• Chapter 16: The Police of Honduras
  • Period 1: 1997–2009
  • Period 2: 2009–2017
  • Period 3: 2017 to the Present
  • References
• Chapter 17: Reconsidering the Security in Nicaragua: A National Police Reform
  • Historical Background
  • Institutional Framework Establishment
  • Beginning of the Institutional Backsliding
  • Security Conditions in Nicaragua: From the Safest to the Most Violent Country
  • Uprisings and Demonstrations: The Fall of an Institution
  • A New Police, A New Perspective
  • Notes
  • References
• Chapter 18: The Evolution of Policing in Jamaica
  • History of Policing in Jamaica
  • Structure of the JCF
  • The Internal Affairs Complaints Division
  • The Community Safety and Security Branch
  • Conclusion
  • Recommendations
  • References
• Chapter 19: The Organization and Functioning of Police Forces in Brazil
  • Mapping Brazilian Law Enforcement Institutions
  • State Level Police Forces
  • Threats and Emerging Issues
  • The Inhered Choices
  • The Weakening of the Criminal Justice System
  • Notes
  • References
• Chapter 20: Policing in Uruguay: History, Modernization, and Features
  • Introduction
  • Country Overview and Security Context
  • Security Governance and Governability
  • History of the National Police
  • Police Modernization
  • Features and Strategies
  • Police Authority
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
• Index
• About the Contributors