The book focuses on novel sensor materials and their environmental and healthcare applications, such as NO2 detection, toxic gas and biosensing, hydrazine determination, glucose sensing and the detection of toxins and pollutants on surfaces.

• front-matter
  • Table of Contents
  • Preface
  • Summary
• 1
  • Nitrogen Dioxide Sensing Technologies
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Sensing of NO2
  • 3. Electronic sensor
    • 3.1 Working principle of the electronic sensor (semiconductor)
  • 4. Carbon nanostructures and nanohydrates in NO2 sensing technology
    • 4.1 Carbon nanotubes
    • 4.2 Graphene
    • 4.3 Activated carbon
    • 4.3.1 Wet oxidation
    • 4.3.2 NaOH neutralization
    • 4.3.3 Thermal treatment
  • 5. Metal oxides in NO2 sensing
    • 5.1 Mixed metal oxide in NO2 sensing
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 2
  • Carbon Materials for Gas and Bio-Sensing Applications Beyond Graphene
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Sensors
  • 3. Graphene
    • 3.1 Graphene material based gas sensors
    • 3.2 Graphene material based bio sensors
  • 4. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
    • 4.1 CNTs based gas sensors
    • 4.2 CNTs based biosensors
  • 5. Mechanism of fabrication process of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
  • 6. Applications of carbon materials and their advantages beyond graphene
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 3
  • 2D Materials for Gas and Biosensing Applications
  • 1. Introduction to 2D layered materials
    • 1.1 Graphene
    • 1.2 Black phosphorus (BP)
    • 1.3 MXene (Ti3C2Tx)
    • 1.4 Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs)
    • 1.5 Transition metal oxides (TMOs)
  • 2. Introduction to SPR sensor
    • 2.1 Theoretical modeling for SPR sensor
    • 2.2 Performance factors for SPR sensor
    • 2.2.2 Sensitivity (S)
    • 2.2.2 Detection accuracy (D.A.)
    • 2.2.3 Quality factor (Q.F.)
    • 2.2.4 Linearity
    • 2.2.5 Reproducibility
    • 2.2.6 Stability
  • 3. Application of 2D layered materials for toxic biosensing and gas sensing
    • 3.1 2D Material based SPR biosensor
    • 3.1.1 Graphene based SPR biosensor
    • 3.1.2 BP based SPR biosensor
    • 3.1.3 TMDC based SPR biosensor
    • 3.1.4 MXene based SPR biosensor
    • 3.1.5 Metal oxide / transition metal oxides based SPR biosensor
    • 3.2 2D material based SPR gas sensor
    • 3.2.1 Graphene based SPR gas sensor
    • 3.2.2 BP based SPR gas sensor
    • 3.2.3 TMDCs based SPR gas sensor
    • 3.2.4 MXene (Ti3C2Tx) based SPR gas sensor
    • 3.2.5 Metal oxides / transition metal oxides based SPR gas sensor
  • 4. Proposed SPR sensor based on doped and undoped polymer (P3OT) thin film for NO2 gas detection
    • 4.1 Proposed sensor design
    • 4.2 Results and discussion for proposed sensor design
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 4
  • MXenes for Gas and Biological Sensor
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Preparation of MXenes
    • 2.1 Multi-layered stacked MXenes
    • 2.2 Single/Multi-layered MXenes
  • 3. Surface functionalization and electronic properties of MXenes
  • 4. MXenes for gas
    • 4.1 Application of MXenes as membranes for gas separation
    • 4.2 Application of MXenes in adsorption of gases
    • 4.3 Application of MXenes in photodegradation of gases
  • 5. MXene as sensors
    • 5.1 Electrochemical biosensor
    • 5.2 Gas sensing
    • 5.3 Macromolecule and cell detection
  • Conclusion and future prospects
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
• 5
  • Hydrazine Sensing Technologies
  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1 Occurrence and preparation of hydrazine
    • 1.2 Physicochemical properties of hydrazine
    • 1.3 Application of hydrazine in a different field
    • 1.4 Used in thermal energy
    • 1.5 Used as aircraft fuel
    • 1.6 Health hazards
  • 2. Different method used for the detection of hydrazine
    • 2.1 Electrochemical techniques
    • 2.2 Fluorimetric techniques
    • 2.3 Colorimetric sensing of hydrazine
    • 2.4 Surface enhanced-Raman spectroscopy for hydrazine detection
    • 2.5 Chromatography technique for the sensing of hydrazine
    • 2.6 Spectrophotometry sensing of Hydrazine
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 6
  • Graphene Nanostructures as Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Electrochemical determination of glucose
  • 3. Carbon nanostructure based non-enzymatic glucose sensors
  • 4. Graphene and its derivatives as potential non-enzymatic glucose sensor
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• 7
  • Toxins and Pollutants Detection on Biosensor Surfaces
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. General characteristics of the biosensor
    • 2.1 Biological calories
    • 2.2 Potentiometric biological sensor
    • 2.3 Sound waves
    • 2.4 Biometric sensor
    • 2.5 Optical sensor
  • 3. Biosensors to detect toxins in the environment
  • 4. Future directions
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 8
  • Colorimetric and Fluorometric Sensor Arrays
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Chemical sensing and optical sensors
    • 2.1 Chemical sensing
    • 2.2 Optical sensors
    • 2.3 Arrays
  • 3. Fabrication methods
    • 3.1 Thin-films
    • 3.2 Polymers
    • 3.3 Monoliths
    • 3.4 Pellets
  • 4. Applications
    • 4.1 Toxic chemicals and heavy metals in water
    • 4.2 Pharmaceutical and medical
    • 4.3 Food industry
  • Concluding remarks
  • References
• back-matter
  • Keyword Index
  • About the Editors