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Table of Contents
- Diagnostic Imaging of Congenital Heart Defects: Diagnosis and Image-Guided Treatment
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- 1 Cardiogenesis and Classification of Congenital Heart Defects
- 1.1 Cardiogenesis
- 1.1.1 Precordial Phase (Weeks 1 and 2 of Development Post Ovulation)
- 1.1.2 Cardiac Phase (Weeks 3–8 of Development Post Ovulation)
- 1.2 Classification and Nomenclature
- 1.2.1 Overview, Segmental Analysis, and Regulatory Algorithm
- 1.2.2 Primary Malpositions
- 1.2.3 Secondary Malpositions
- References
- Suggested Reading
- 1.1 Cardiogenesis
- 2 Surgical Treatment for Congenital Heart Defects
- 2.1 Fundamentals of Surgical Treatment
- 2.1.1 Evolution of Congenital Heart Surgery
- 2.1.2 Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects within the Scope of Gradual Therapy or Palliative Treatment
- 2.1.3 Early Correction vs. Gradual Treatment
- 2.1.4 Cardiac Surgical Treatment for Common Congenital Heart Defects
- 2.2 Patient Preparation and Sedation
- 2.2.1 Preprocedural Visits
- 2.2.2 Sedation
- 2.2.3 Special Exam Methods
- References
- 2.1 Fundamentals of Surgical Treatment
- 3 Technical Basics of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging
- 3.1 Echocardiography
- 3.1.1 Introduction
- 3.1.2 Standard Techniques
- 3.1.3 Special and Newer Techniques
- 3.2 Computed Tomography and Radiation Protection
- 3.2.1 Introduction
- 3.2.2 Modern Computed Tomography Technology
- 3.2.3 Technical Approaches to Cardiac Imaging
- 3.2.4 Patient Dose and Radiation Protection
- 3.2.5 Recommendations for Scan Techniques and Dose Optimization
- 3.3 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 3.3.1 Introduction
- 3.3.2 Slice Selection and Spatial Encoding
- 3.3.3 Avoiding Motion Artifacts
- 3.3.4 Rapid Imaging
- 3.3.5 Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 3.3.6 Quantitative Flow Measurements
- 3.3.7 Magnetic Resonance Angiography
- 3.3.8 Depiction of Scars and Fibroses
- 3.4 Imaging-Guided Interventional Treatment
- 3.4.1 Introduction
- 3.4.2 Catheter Procedures without Imaging Guidance
- 3.4.3 Methods of Imaging Guidance
- 3.5 Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 3.5.1 Introduction
- 3.5.2 Technology
- 3.5.3 Pediatric Cardiology Applications
- References
- Suggested Reading
- 3.1 Echocardiography
- 4 Clinical Pictures
- 4.1 Shunt Defects
- 4.1.1 Atrial Septal Defect
- 4.1.2 Ventricular Septal Defect
- 4.1.3 Atrioventricular Septal Defect
- 4.1.4 Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- 4.1.5 Aortopulmonary Window (Aortopulmonary Septal Defect)
- 4.2 Right-Side Defects
- 4.2.1 Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
- 4.2.2 Tetralogy of Fallot
- 4.2.3 Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect and Intact Ventricular Septum
- 4.2.4 Absent Pulmonary Valve
- 4.2.5 Ebstein’s Anomaly
- 4.3 Left-Side Defects
- 4.3.1 Subaortic Stenosis, Valvular Aortic Stenosis, and Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
- 4.3.2 Aortic Coarctation
- 4.3.3 Interrupted Aortic Arch
- 4.4 Complex Defects
- 4.4.1 Transposition of the Great Arteries
- 4.4.2 Common Arterial Trunk
- 4.4.3 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
- 4.4.4 Univentricular Heart
- 4.4.5 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
- 4.5 Vascular Anomalies
- 4.5.1 Partial Pulmonary Venous Anomalies
- 4.5.2 Caval Vein Anomalies, Systemic Venous Anomalies, and Anomalous Body Venous Connections
- 4.5.3 Aortic Arch and Pulmonary Arterial Anomalies
- 4.5.4 Congenital Coronary Anomalies
- 4.5.5 Aortopulmonary Collaterals
- 4.6 Other Disorders of the Heart and Great Vessels
- 4.6.1 Cardiomyopathies
- 4.6.2 Myocarditis
- 4.6.3 Kawasaki Syndrome
- 4.6.4 Marfan Syndrome
- 4.6.5 Williams–Beuren Syndrome
- 4.6.6 Rhythm Disorders and Dyssynchrony
- References
- Suggested Reading
- 4.1 Shunt Defects
- 5 Standard Values and Formulas
- 5.1 Preliminary Remarks
- 5.2 Standard Values and Formulas for Echocardiography
- 5.2.1 Standard Values
- 5.2.2 Formulas with Standard Values
- 5.2.3 Regional Functional Analysis Using Echocardiography
- 5.3 Standard Values for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 5.3.1 Children with Healthy Hearts
- 5.3.2 Patients with Valve Stenoses
- References
- Suggested Reading
- Index
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