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Details
Table Card RUSMARC
Title: Radioactive waste management: tutorial
Creators: Volanyuk Anastasia Yu.
Organization: Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого
Imprint: Saint-Petersburg, 2022
Electronic publication: 2023
Collection: Учебная и учебно-методическая литература; Общая коллекция
Subjects: Радиоактивные отходы; Безопасность жизнедеятельности человека
UDC: 614.8(075.8); 621.039.7(075.8)
Document type: Tutorial
File type: PDF
Language: English
Speciality code (FGOS): 20.00.00
Speciality group (FGOS): 200000 - Техносферная безопасность и природообустройство
DOI: 10.18720/SPBPU/2/z23-11
Rights: Свободный доступ из сети Интернет (чтение, печать)
Additionally: New arrival
Record key: RU\SPSTU\edoc\70627

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Table of Contents

  • CONTENTS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. Radioactive Waste Classification
  • 1.1. Classification Systems for Radioactive Waste
  • 1.1.1. Classification at the conceptual level
  • 1.1.2. Classification at the level of state regulation
  • 1.1.3. Classification at the operational level
  • 1.1.3.1. Aqueous waste
  • 1.1.3.2. Organic waste
  • 1.1.3.3. Solid waste
  • 1.2. IAEA Radioactive Waste Classification System
  • 1.2.1. Exempt waste
  • 1.2.2. Low and intermediate level waste
  • 1.2.3. High level waste
  • 1.2.4. Boundary levels
  • 1.3. Examples of National Classification Systems
  • 1.4. Radioactive Waste Classification Scheme
  • 1.4.1. Exempt waste (EW)
  • 1.4.2. Very short-lived waste (VSLW)
  • 1.4.3. Very low-level waste (VLLW)
  • 1.4.4. Low level waste (LLW)
  • 1.4.5. Intermediate level waste (ILW)
  • 1.4.6. High level waste (HLW)
  • 1.5. Example of the Use of the Waste Classification Scheme
  • 2. Sources Of Radioactive Waste
  • 2.1.Radioactive Waste from the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
  • 2.1.1. Mining of uranium ores and production of nuclear fuel
  • 2.1.2. Waste generated during the operation of nuclear power plants
  • 2.1.3. Radioactive waste from nuclear power plant decommissioning
  • 2.1.4. Radioactive waste from reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuel
  • 2.2.Use of Radioactive Preparations and Irradiators In Medicine
  • 2.3.Application in Scientific Research
  • 2.4.Production of Radioisotopes
  • 2.5.Industrial and Other Applications
  • 2.6.Radioactive Materials With Natural Radionuclides
  • 2.7.Chernobyl Radioactive Waste
  • 3. Principles Of Radioactive Waste Management
  • 3.1. Stages of Radioactive Waste Management
  • 3.2. Responsibilities of the State and Obligations of Various Organizations
  • 3.2.1. State responsibility
  • 3.2.2. Responsibility of state regulatory bodies
  • 3.2.3. Responsibilities of organizations producing and processing radioactive waste
  • 4. Management Of Radioactive Waste Before Disposal
  • 4.1. Collection, Sorting And Primary Characteristics Of Radioactive Waste
  • 4.1.1. Collection and primary characteristics of waste
  • 4.1.2. Separate collection of liquid waste
  • 4.1.2.1.Aqueous radioactive waste
  • 4.1.2.2.Liquid organic radioactive waste
  • 4.1.3. Separate solid waste collection
  • 4.1.4. Marking of containers
  • 4.1.5. Storage of waste in the point of their generation
  • 4.1.5.1.Storage requirements
  • 4.1.5.2.Requirements for packages
  • 4.2. Selection of Radioactive Waste Processing Technologies, Waste Minimi-zation
  • 4.2.1. Non-technical factors affecting the choice of technology
  • 4.2.1.1.Production infrastructure
  • 4.2.1.2.Human Resources and Staff Competence
  • 4.2.1.3.Financing
  • 4.2.1.4.Socio-political factors
  • 4.2.1.5.Geographical and geological conditions
  • 4.2.1.6.International cooperation
  • 4.2.2. Selection of technologies taking into account technical factors
  • 4.2.2.1.Characteristics of radioactive waste
  • 4.2.2.2.Scale of application of technologies
  • 4.2.2.3.Sophistication or "maturity" of technology
  • 4.2.2.4.Technology reliability
  • 4.2.2.5.Technology application range
  • 4.2.2.6.Characteristics of the treated waste
  • 4.2.2.7.Complexity and maintainability of installations
  • 4.2.2.8.Volume reduction
  • 4.2.2.9.Research work
  • 4.2.2.10. Secondary waste
  • 5. Disposal Of Radiactive Waste
  • 5.1. Storage of Conditioned Radioactive Waste
  • 5.1.1. Waste Storage Safety Principles
  • 5.1.2. Waste Packaging Requirements
  • 5.1.3. Storage Requirements
  • 5.1.4. Waste Storage
  • 5.2. Disposal Methods for Low and Intermediate Level Waste
  • 5.2.1. Waste disposal principles
  • 5.2.2. Types of burials
  • 5.2.3. Stages of the implementation of the burial
  • 5.2.4. Burial Safety
  • 5.2.5. Criteria for Eligibility of Packages For Disposal
  • 6. Management Of Spent Sealed Radioactive Sources
  • 6.1. Types of Radionuclide Sources
  • 6.2. Infrastructure for the Management of Spent RNS
  • 6.2.1. Responsibilities of Stakeholders
  • 6.2.2. Control over the movement of sources
  • 6.3. Strategy for the Management of Radionuclide Sources
  • 6.3.1. Plan for the use of radionuclide sources
  • 6.3.2. Characteristics of closed RNSs
  • 6.3.3. Collection and sorting
  • 6.4. Options for the Handling of Spent RNS
  • 6.4.1. Transfer to another user
  • 6.4.2. Return to manufacturer/supplier
  • 6.4.3. Storage for the decay of radionuclides
  • 6.4.4. Spent source conditioning
  • 6.4.5. Immobilization of spent RNS in concrete
  • 6.4.6. Immobilization of spent RNS in metal
  • 6.4.7. Handling of highly active RNSs
  • 6.4.8. Temporary storage of conditioned RNS
  • 6.4.9. Burial
  • 7. Management Of The Consequences Of Past Practices
  • 7.1. Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident
  • 7.1.1. Chernobyl accident and “Chernobyl waste”
  • 7.1.2. RW management at the Chernobyl NPP site after the accident
  • 7.1.3. Shelter object (destroyed Chernobyl NPP unit 4) – existing situation and plans for the future
  • 7.1.4. Physical and Chemical Nature of the Waste
  • 7.1.4.1.Radioactive Waste Arising from the Accident
  • 7.1.4.2.The areas of RW disposal
  • 7.1.4.3.RW that are concentrated in the natural and artificial objects of the OS
  • 7.1.4.4.Liquid radioactive waste in the shelter object
  • 7.1.4.5.Shelter object radioactive aerosols
  • 7.1.5. Radiological Characterisation
  • 7.1.6. Waste Conditioning, Decontamination and Reduction
  • 7.1.6.1.The plant for sorting SRW of all categories and treatment of low- and intermediate-level short-lived solid waste (solid waste processing facility – SWPF)
  • 7.1.6.2.Incineration facility
  • 7.1.6.3.Compaction facility
  • 7.1.6.4.Grouting facility
  • 7.1.6.5.Liquid RW treatment plant
  • 7.1.6.6.Waste volume reduction
  • 7.1.6.7.Lessons learnt from Chernobyl NPP
  • 7.1.7.2.Final radioactive waste product for long-term storage or disposal
  • 7.1.7.3.Conclusions and lessons learnt
  • 7.1.7.4.First experience of disposal of conditioned RW from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant site
  • 7.1.7.5.Conclusions and lessons learnt after licensing of ENSDF
  • 7.1.7.6.Lessons learnt from the ChNPP accident
  • 7.2. Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident
  • 7.2.1. Overview of the Fukushima nuclear accident
  • 7.2.2. Physical and Chemical Nature of the Waste
  • 7.2.2.1.Temporary storage classification of collected debris
  • 7.2.2.2.Storage areas in the overview map of Fukushima Daiichi
  • 7.2.2.3.Estimation of waste generation and improving land use
  • 7.2.2.4.Lessons learnt from Fukushima Daiichi accident
  • 7.2.3. Radiological Characterisation
  • 7.2.3.1.Status of Examination of Waste
  • 7.2.3.2.Radiological analysis
  • 7.2.3.3.Characterization of waste
  • 7.2.3.4.Inventory evaluation
  • 7.2.3.5.Future plan
  • 7.2.3.6.Lessons learnt from the Fukushima Daiichi accident
  • 7.2.4. Waste Conditioning, Decontamination and Reduction
  • 7.2.4.1.Waste volume reduction in Fukushima Daiichi
  • 7.2.4.2.Lessons learnt from waste conditioning studies for Fukushima Daiichi RW
  • 7.2.5. Destination (Storage/Disposal)
  • 7.2.5.1.Existing disposal concepts in Japan
  • 7.2.5.2.An approach for the waste disposal study
  • 7.2.5.3.Waste storage plan at Fukushima Daiichi NPP
  • 7.2.5.4.Future issues
  • 7.2.5.5.Lessons learnt from Fukushima Daiichi accident
  • Conclusion
  • References

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