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The study evaluated the importance of the Confucius Institute in the further advancement of relations between Russia and China. Purposes that were solved during the study: 1. to conduct a theoretical review of Confucius Institutes, taking into account their organizational system and role in the dissemination of Chinese culture; 2. to analyze the Confucius Institute as an instrument of public diplomacy and “soft power” of China; 3. to study the influence of Confucius Institutes on the development of relations between Russia and China by analyzing their history and the legal basis;  4. to analyze the activities of Confucius Institutes in Russia within the framework of bilateral educational and cultural cooperation between the two countries; 5. to study the outlook for cooperation between Russia and China through Confucius Institutes, analyzing potential areas of cooperation; 6. to recognize and break down possbile barries to cooperation between Russia and China through Confucius Institutes and ways to overcome them. The study proved that cultural diplomacy through Confucius Institutes has become a key aspect of relations between Russia and China. The author highlighted the importance of cultural diplomacy in all aspects, focusing on the future advancement of the two countries, developing international talent and laying the basis for long-term friendship. The author has developed a plan for the development: 1) using foreign policy and public opinion to create favorable conditions; 2) changing mentality to get rid of institutional dilemmas; 3) raise the utilization of social media and other online resources to promote Chinese culture; 4) the need to redistribute scheme in conformity with the “One Belt, One Road” initiative; 5) modernization of Confucius Institutes for development through cultural export; 6) use of the possibilities of mass communications to develop intercultural exchange.