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The title of the master’s thesis is “climate change Adaptation and Energy efficiency of Sanaa Buildings.” The goal of the work: to investigate various climatic conditions that affect building structures and the proposed solutions for climactic change and energy use of both conventional and Modern buildings. The following tasks were set for the study: 1. A critical analysis, therefore, of the scientific, technical and methodological literatures relating to the use of sustainable materials in building construction, and methods of construction that offer resilience to climate change. 2. Study the climatic variations and their effects on the construction of buildings besides energy utilization in both the conventional and contemporary buildings of Sana’a. 3. Verify thermal conductivity of structural and building material to determine their suitability for implementing natural ventilation and insulation. 4. Examine how climate responsive architecture in Yemen can be implemented together with the conventional trends shifting construction to reflect upon sustainable urbanism. The systematic approach adopted by the study included a literature review, climatic analysis, and thermal conductivity examination of sustainable building practices. The work discusses the value of utilizing traditional passive cooling techniques in Yemeni architecture, focusing on the issues of ventilation and thermal protection, and the potential of incorporating these techniques in today’s solutions in order to improve the energy effectiveness and create more sustainable cities.