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Современные геополитические и экономические изменения, вызванные санкциями против России, значительно повлияли на автомобильную промышленность, сделав Китай ключевым партнёром в заполнении образовавшихся ниш на российском рынке. Российско-китайское сотрудничество в этой сфере прошло длительный путь от первых сборочных проектов в 1990-х годах до глубокой технологической интеграции в 2020-х. Основными этапами этого сотрудничества стали создание совместных предприятий, таких как заводы Haval в Тульской области и Chery в Татарстане, а также развитие производственных кластеров с высокой степенью локализации, достигающей 60-65%. Сравнительный анализ автомобильных рынков России и Китая показал их взаимодополняемость. Китай, обладая крупнейшим в мире рынком автомобилей, смог предложить России адаптированные под местные условия модели, что позволило китайским брендам занять до 48% российского рынка к 2023 году. Ключевыми конкурентными преимуществами китайских автомобилей стали ценовая доступность, технологическая адаптивность, расширенные гарантии и сервисные программы, а также гибкость логистических цепочек в условиях санкций. Санкции 2022 года стали катализатором для углубления сотрудничества. Они ускорили переход от простой сборки к полномасштабной локализации, включая производство критически важных компонентов, таких как электронные блоки управления и системы безопасности. Кроме того, санкции стимулировали развитие альтернативных финансовых механизмов, таких как расчёты в национальных валютах, и создание новых логистических маршрутов через третьи страны. Перспективы сотрудничества включают совместную разработку специализированных автомобилей для экстремальных условий, создание единой технологической платформы для коммерческого транспорта, развитие инфраструктуры для электромобилей и водородной энергетики, а также продвижение на третьи рынки под совместным брендом. Однако остаются риски, связанные с технологической асимметрией, угрозами вторичных санкций и различиями в корпоративных стандартах.

Current geopolitical and economic changes caused by sanctions against Russia have significantly affected the automotive industry, making China a key partner in filling the emerging niches in the Russian market. Russian-Chinese cooperation in this area has come a long way from the first assembly projects in the 1990s to deep technological integration in the 2020s. The main stages of this cooperation were the creation of joint ventures, such as the Haval plants in the Tula region and Chery in Tatarstan, as well as the development of production clusters with a high degree of localization, reaching 60-65%. A comparative analysis of the Russian and Chinese automobile markets has shown their complementarity. China, with the worlds largest automobile market, was able to offer Russia models adapted to local conditions, which allowed Chinese brands to occupy up to 48% of the Russian market by 2023. The key competitive advantages of Chinese cars were affordability, technological adaptability, extended warranties and service programs, as well as the flexibility of logistics chains in the context of sanctions. The 2022 sanctions became a catalyst for deepening cooperation. They accelerated the transition from simple assembly to full-scale localization, including the production of critical components such as electronic control units and security systems. In addition, the sanctions stimulated the development of alternative financial mechanisms, such as settlements in national currencies, and the creation of new logistics routes through third countries. Prospects for cooperation include joint development of specialized vehicles for extreme conditions, creation of a single technological platform for commercial vehicles, development of infrastructure for electric vehicles and hydrogen energy, as well as promotion to third markets under a joint brand. However, risks associated with technological asymmetry, threats of secondary sanctions and differences in corporate standards remain.Current geopolitical and economic changes caused by sanctions against Russia have significantly affected the automotive industry, making China a key partner in filling the emerging niches in the Russian market. Russian-Chinese cooperation in this area has come a long way from the first assembly projects in the 1990s to deep technological integration in the 2020s. The main stages of this cooperation were the creation of joint ventures, such as the Haval plants in the Tula region and Chery in Tatarstan, as well as the development of production clusters with a high degree of localization, reaching 60-65%. A comparative analysis of the Russian and Chinese automobile markets has shown their complementarity. China, with the worlds largest automobile market, was able to offer Russia models adapted to local conditions, which allowed Chinese brands to occupy up to 48% of the Russian market by 2023. The key competitive advantages of Chinese cars were affordability, technological adaptability, extended warranties and service programs, as well as the flexibility of logistics chains in the context of sanctions. The 2022 sanctions became a catalyst for deepening cooperation. They accelerated the transition from simple assembly to full-scale localization, including the production of critical components such as electronic control units and security systems. In addition, the sanctions stimulated the development of alternative financial mechanisms, such as settlements in national currencies, and the creation of new logistics routes through third countries. Prospects for cooperation include joint development of specialized vehicles for extreme conditions, creation of a single technological platform for commercial vehicles, development of infrastructure for electric vehicles and hydrogen energy, as well as promotion to third markets under a joint brand. However, risks associated with technological asymmetry, threats of secondary sanctions and differences in corporate standards remain.