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Bionic materials are a type of artificial materials designed and manufactured by imitating the structure, function or synthesis mechanism of organisms, including polymer composites (PCM). Fused Deposition Modeling-Continuous Fiver Coextrusion (FDM-CFC) additive manufacturing technology provides the possibility for biomimetic design of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites and optimization of material properties. Inspired by the internal microbial structure of bamboo, this study improves the impact strength of biomimetic structural composites by changing the filling gradient and displacement structure inside the material. This study also tested the mechanical properties of continuous carbon fiber and continuous basalt fiber reinforced ABS thermoplastic matrix composites. Through tests such as impact strength, tensile strength, density, and Shore hardness, the experimental results show that the internal filling design of the displacement structure performs well in multiple mechanical performance tests, especially in terms of impact strength, which significantly improves the overall performance of the material. It effectively expands the application of bamboo-like biostructure continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites in the field of high impact loads.