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The given work is devoted to investigating the pleiotropic effects of metformin on patients with type 2 diabetes and conducting a meta-analysis. It is known that metformin treatment has beneficial effects on patients, reducing the manifestations of diabetes. There is also evidence that it improves cognitive function. Therefore, it is important to investigate cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes who are taking metformin, with the aim of improving the quality of treatment for diabetes and other conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, schizophrenia and depression. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies involving patients with type 2 diabetes who were taking metformin as a treatment, and to assess its impact on cognitive function and other indicators. The results of the study indicated that metformin possesses an anti-dementia effect. A reduction in cholesterol levels was also observed with metformin treatment.  Heterogeneity among the studies was low to moderate. The significant associations observed in this meta-analysis were not due to publication bias.