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Blood serum carries abundant physiological and pathological information, whose microstructural variations are highly correlated with human diseases. Conventional serum detection relies on chemical labeling and complex pretreatment, which is time-consuming and incapable of fine microscopic characterization. As a label-free optical technique, dynamic light scattering (DLS) provides rapid and low-volume detection, showing great suitability for serum microstructure analysis. This thesis systematically elaborates the fundamental principles of DLS, including Brownian motion, laser Doppler effect, light intensity fluctuation and autocorrelation analysis. The particle size calculation based on the Stokes–Einstein equation is clarified. Typical optical detection methods are compared, and the superiority of DLS for serum analysis is summarized. A complete DLS experimental platform is designed and assembled, with detailed illustration of component selection and system functions. The scattering characteristics of normal and pathological serum particles are analyzed based on Rayleigh and Mie scattering theories. Experimental results verify that the proposed DLS method can effectively distinguish pathological serum from normal samples. This study provides a reliable theoretical basis and experimental reference for the application of laser scattering technology in serum detection and clinical auxiliary diagnosis.

• ABSTRACT
• CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• CHAPTER 1 ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON BLOOD
  • 1.1.Blood Serum
  • 1.2.Physical and Optical Parameters of Blood Serum
  • 1.3.Classification of Existing Serum Analysis optical
    • 1.3.1 Laser Doppler Electrophoresis
    • 1.3.2 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
    • 1.3.3 Static Light Scattering (SLS)
    • 1.3.4 Fluorescence Spectroscopy
    • 1.3.5 Raman Spectroscopy
    • 1.3.6 UV-Vis Absorption Spectroscopy
  • 1.4. Conclusion
• CHAPTER 2. DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING
  • 2.1.Basic principles of dynamic light scattering m
    • 2.1.1 Particle Motion and Diffusion Characteristic
    • 2.1.2 Principle of Laser Doppler Shift
    • 2.1.3 Light Intensity Fluctuation Mechanism
    • 2.1.4 Signal Analysis with Autocorrelation Functio
  • 2.2. Measurement and calculation of dynamic light
    • 2.2.1 Correlation analysis
    • 2.2.2 Calculation of radius and zeta potential
  • 2.3. Basic scheme description of dynamic light sca
  • 2.4. Detailed functions of each part of the dynami
    • 2.4.1 Semiconductor laser
    • 2.4.2 Lens
    • 2.4.3 Cuvette with electrodes
    • 2.4.4 Voltage source
    • 2.4.5 Diaphragm
    • 2.4.6 Photomultiplier
    • 2.4.7 A/D converter
    • 2.4.8 Computer
  • 3.1. Experimental Design   
    • 3.1.1 Sample Requirements  
    • 3.1.2 Solution Requirements   
    • 3.1.3 Introduction of Experimental Instruments
    • 3.1.4 Functions of Experimental Equipment
  • 3.2. Laboratory Device Commissioning and Testing
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES