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This thesis is motivated by the critical demand for precise, non-invasive diagnostics of blood flow. The research focuses on the design and experimental verification of an innovative speckle correlation optical sensor. By conducting a comparative study of conventional techniques for assessing blood flow velocity—including Doppler ultrasound and thermodilution—we highlight their inherent drawbacks, such as invasiveness, high operational costs, and the fundamental compromise between imaging depth and spatial resolution. To overcome these limitations, the speckle correlation approach was adopted. The developed sensor operates on the physical principles of dynamic laser speckle, extracting quantitative measurements of microcirculatory flow velocity by evaluating the spatiotemporal correlation decay of coherent light scattered by moving erythrocytes.