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As the application fields of laser technology continue to expand, peoples demand for laser quality is also increasing, making the measurement technology of laser parameters particularly important. For example, in the laser processing process, in addition to the need for specific optical power, the quality of the laser beam also directly affects the processing method, the transmission distance, and the final processing quality. Therefore, we need a simple, accurate, and practical method to measure and evaluate the quality of the laser beam. In the past, people generally chose different evaluation standards to evaluate the quality of the laser beam according to their own needs, and there was no unified standard for evalu-ating the beam quality. This paper presents a laser beam quality detection system built using a CMOS image acquisition device as the core hardware. The device captures rele-vant data about the laser beam using a camera, and the acquired data can be pre-sented intuitively on a computer terminal. Subsequently, the beam propagation ratio M² can be calculated based on the measured data. The main content of the thesis is as follows: 1. Existing laser beam quality evaluation methods were studied, and a beam quality measurement scheme was established with beam propagation ratio M² as the main standard. The standard for laser spot size was determined based on the second-order moment method. 2. The hardware and software of a laser beam quality measurement system were designed and completed. The software includes modules for system settings, spot information, and parameter calculation, while the hardware includes mod-ules for the system optical path, precision displacement device, and data acquisi-tion. 3. A series of experimental tests were conducted on the designed laser beam quality measurement system. (1) Beam quality analysis of lasers with different wavelengths (2) Analysis of the influence of different pump powers on beam quality (3) This paper discusses the factors influencing the M2 measurement and analyzes them based on the experimental results.