| Таблица | Карточка | RUSMARC | |
|
|
Разрешенные действия:
Группа: Анонимные пользователи Сеть: Интернет |
Аннотация
This book contains 20 chapters and is divided into 4 parts focusing on genetic resources and improvement, ecophysiology and production, pests and diseases and their management and harvesting, processing and utilization of sweet and sour cherries.
Права на использование объекта хранения
| Место доступа | Группа пользователей | Действие | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Локальная сеть ИБК СПбПУ | Все |
|
||||
| Интернет | Авторизованные пользователи СПбПУ |
|
||||
|
Интернет | Анонимные пользователи |
Оглавление
- Cherries: Botany, Production and Uses
- Copyright
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1: Cherry Production
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Global Sweet Cherry Production
- 1.3 Global Sour Cherry Production
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 2: Flowering, Fruit Set and Development
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Before Flowering
- 2.2.1 Flower bud differentiation
- Early flower differentiation
- Late flower bud development
- 2.2.2 Flower bud dormancy
- Stage of flower development at dormancy
- Physiology and genetics of flower bud dormancy
- 2.2.1 Flower bud differentiation
- 2.3 Flowering and Pollination
- 2.3.1 From pollination to fertilization
- Stigma and style
- Ovary
- 2.3.2 Pollen–pistil incompatibility
- S-genotyping and incompatibility groups in sweet cherry
- Self-compatibility in sweet cherry
- Self-(in)compatibility in sour cherry
- 2.3.1 From pollination to fertilization
- 2.4 From Flower to Fruit
- 2.4.1 Factors affecting fruit set
- During flower development
- At flowering
- 2.4.2 Fruit development
- Developmental events for fruit formation
- Genetic control of fruit development
- 2.4.1 Factors affecting fruit set
- 2.5 Perspectives
- References
- 3: Biodiversity, Germplasm Resources and Breeding Methods
- 3.1 Taxonomy of Cherry Species in the Scion and Rootstock Gene Pool
- 3.2 Origin and Domestication
- 3.3 Preservation of Germplasm Resources
- 3.4 Breeding Methods
- 3.4.1 Hybridization
- 3.4.2 Seed anatomy and seed extraction
- 3.4.3 Breaking seed dormancy
- 3.4.4 Germination of large quantities of seeds
- 3.4.5 Controlled germination of smaller quantities of seeds
- 3.4.6 Seed germination via embryo culture
- 3.4.7 Embryo rescue without germination: in vitro shoot culture and somatic embryogenesis
- 3.4.8 Planting in soil
- 3.4.9 Rapid cycling
- 3.4.10 Following field planting
- 3.5 DNA-informed Breeding
- 3.5.1 Quantitative trait loci
- 3.5.2 Diagnostic DNA tests
- S-(in)compatibility loci
- Fruit size
- Skin and flesh colour
- Cherry leaf spot resistance
- References
- 4: Sweet Cherry Varieties and Improvement
- 4.1 History of Improvement
- 4.2 Sweet Cherry Breeding
- 4.2.1 Objectives in sweet cherry breeding
- Tree and fruiting structure
- Flower characteristics
- Tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses
- Fruit quality
- Extension of harvest period
- Suitability for mechanical harvesting
- 4.2.2 Methods of sweet cherry breeding
- 4.2.1 Objectives in sweet cherry breeding
- 4.3 Sweet Cherry Breeding Programmes
- 4.3.1 Bulgaria
- Breeding institute (or company): Fruit Growing Institute (FGI)
- 4.3.2 Canada
- Breeding institute (or company): Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
- 4.3.3 Chile
- Breeding institute (or company): Politécnica Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV)
- Breeding institute (or company): INIA–Biofrutales
- Breeding institute (or company): Consorcio Tecnológico de la Fruta S.A. and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (‘PUC’)
- 4.3.4 China
- Breeding institute (or company): Institute of Pomology (IP), Dalian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (DAAS)
- Breeding institute (or company): Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
- Breeding institute (or company): Institute of Pomology and Forestry (IPF), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS)
- 4.3.5 Czech Republic
- Breeding institute (or company): Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd (RBIPH)
- 4.3.6 France
- Breeding institute (or company): Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) – CEP Innovation
- 4.3.7 Germany
- Breeding institute (or company): Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops
- 4.3.8 Hungary
- Breeding institute (or company): NARIC Fruitculture Research Institute (FRI)
- 4.3.9 Italy
- Breeding institute: Bologna University, Department of Agricultural Sciences
- 4.3.10 Japan
- Breeding institute: Horticultural Experiment Station, Yamagata Integrated Agricultural Research Center
- 4.3.11 Romania
- Breeding institute (or company): Research Institute for Fruit Growing (RIFG)
- 4.3.12 Spain
- Breeding institute (or company): Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX-La Orden)
- Breeding institute: Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA)
- 4.3.13 Turkey
- Breeding institute (or company): Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute
- 4.3.14 UK
- Breeding institute (or company): East Malling Research (EMR)
- 4.3.15 Ukraine
- Breeding institute (or company): Institute of Horticulture of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (IH NAAS)
- 4.3.16 USA
- Breeding institute (or company): Washington State University (WSU)
- Breeding institute (or company): Cornell University
- 4.3.1 Bulgaria
- 4.4 Characteristics of Sweet Cherry Cultivars
- Sweet cherry cultivars with global importance
- ‘Ambrunés’
- ‘Bedel’ (Bellise™)
- ‘Belge’
- ‘Bing’
- ‘Black Star’
- ‘Boambe de Cotnari’
- ‘Brooks’
- ‘Burlat’
- ‘Büttners Späte Rote Knorpelkirsche’
- ‘Carmen’
- ‘Chelan’
- ‘Early Korvik’
- ‘Emperor Francis’ (syn. ‘Kaiser Franz (Josef)’)
- ‘Ferrovia’
- ‘Folfer’
- ‘Germersdorfer’
- ‘Giorgia’
- ‘Grace Star’
- ‘Hedelfinger’
- ‘Hongdeng’
- ‘Kordia’
- ‘Krupnoplidna’ (syn. ‘Krupnoplodnaja’)
- ‘Lambert’
- ‘Lapins’
- ‘Melitopolska Chorna’
- ‘Merchant’
- ‘Narana’
- ‘Napoleon’ (syn. ‘Royal Ann’)
- ‘Rainier’
- ‘Regina’
- ‘Rivedel’ (syn. ‘Early Lory’; Earlise™)
- ‘Rubin’
- ‘Sandra Rose’
- ‘Santina’
- ‘Satonishiki’
- ‘Schneiders Späte Knorpel’ (syn. ‘Kozerska’)
- ‘Skeena’
- ‘13S2009’ (Staccato™)
- ‘Stella’
- ‘Sumele’ (Satin™)
- ‘Summit’
- ‘Sumnue’ (Cristalina™)
- ‘Sumste’ (Samba™)
- ‘Sumtare’ (Sweetheart™)
- ‘Sunburst’
- ‘Sylvia’ (syn. ‘4 C-17-31’)
- ‘Techlovan’
- ‘PC 7144.6’ (Tieton™)
- ‘Van’
- ‘Vanda’
- ‘0900 Ziraat’
- 4.4.2
Sweet cherry cultivars with local importance and/or promising cultivars
- ‘Aiya’
- ‘Alex’
- ‘Andrei’
- ‘Areko’
- ‘Axel’
- ‘Benisayaka’
- ‘Benishuhou’
- ‘Benton’
- ‘Bryanskaya rozovaya’
- ‘Cambrina’
- ‘Cavalier’
- ‘Chunxiu’
- ‘Coral Champagne’
- ‘Danelia’
- ‘Doty’ (trademark: Early Robin™)
- ‘Early Red’ (syn. ‘Maraly’, Early Garnet™)
- ‘Ferdiva’
- ‘Ferdouce’
- ‘Fermina’
- ‘Fertard’
- ‘Fertille’
- ‘Frisco’
- ‘Gold’ (syn. ‘Dönissens Gelbe’, ‘Stark Gold’)
- ‘Iputj’
- ‘Jiahong’
- ‘Katalin’
- ‘Kossara’
- ‘Linda’
- ‘Longguan’
- ‘Ludovic’
- ‘Maria’
- ‘Namare’
- ‘Namati’
- ‘Naprumi’
- ‘Oktavia’
- ‘PA1UNIBO’ (Sweet Aryana™)
- ‘PA2UNIBO’ (Sweet Lorenz™)
- ‘PA3UNIBO’ (Sweet Gabriel™)
- ‘Paulus’
- ‘Penny’
- ‘Prime Giant’ (syn. ‘Giant Red’, ‘Mariant’; Giant Ruby™)’
- ‘Rita’
- ‘Rocket’
- ‘Rosie’
- ‘Royal Bailey’
- ‘Royal Dawn’
- ‘Royal Edie’
- ‘Royal Helen’
- ‘Royal Rainier’
- ‘Rozalina’
- ‘Sam’
- ‘Sándor’
- ‘Severin’
- ‘Simone’
- ‘SPC103’ (Sentennial™)
- ‘13S2101’ (Sovereign™)
- ‘SPC136’ (Suite Note™)
- ‘Starking Hardy Giant’
- ‘Stefania’
- ‘Sumgita’ (Canada Giant™)
- ‘Summer Sun’
- ‘Sumpaca’ (Celeste™)
- ‘Tulare’
- ‘Ulster’
- ‘Valerij Chkalov’
- ‘Vera’
- ‘Wanhongzhu’
- ‘Xiangquan 1’
- Acknowledgements
- Sweet cherry cultivars with global importance
- References
- 5: Sour Cherry Varieties and Improvement
- 5.1 History of Improvement
- 5.2 Sour Cherry Breeding
- 5.2.1 Objectives in sour cherry breeding
- Tree and fruiting structure
- Flower characteristics
- Tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress
- Fruit quality
- Extension of harvest period
- Suitability for mechanical harvesting
- 5.2.2 Methods of sour cherry breeding
- 5.2.1 Objectives in sour cherry breeding
- 5.3 Sour Cherry Breeding Programmes
- 5.3.1 Belarus
- 5.3.2 Canada
- 5.3.3 Denmark
- 5.3.4 Germany
- 5.3.5 Hungary
- 5.3.6 Poland
- 5.3.7 Romania
- 5.3.8 Russia
- 5.3.9 Serbia
- 5.3.10 Ukraine
- 5.3.11 USA
- 5.4 Characteristics of Sour Cherry Cultivars
- 5.4.1
Sour cherry cultivars with global importance
- ‘Érdi Bőtermő’ (syn. Danube™)
- ‘Fanal’ (syn. ‘Heimanns Konservenkirsche’, ‘Heimann 23’)
- ‘Kelleriis 16’ (syn. ‘Morellenfeuer’)
- ‘Montmorency’
- ‘Oblačinska’
- ‘Pándy’ (syn. ‘Köröser’, ‘Pándy Meggy’, ‘Szentesi Meggy’, ‘Köröser Weichsel’, ‘Kereska’, ‘Crişana’)
- ‘Schattenmorelle’ (syn. ‘Große Lange Lotkirsche’, ‘Łutówka’, ‘Łutovka’, ‘Griotte du Nord’, ‘Moreillska’, ‘Skyggemorel’)
- ‘Stevnsbaer’ (cultivars ‘Viki’, ‘Birgitte’)
- ‘Újfehértói Fürtös’ (syn. Balaton™, ‘Ungarische Traubige’)
- 5.4.2 New sour cherry cultivars and cultivars with local importance
- ‘Achat’
- ‘De Botoşani’
- ‘Bucovina’
- ‘Carmine Jewel’
- ‘Cigány‘(syn. ‘Cigány Meggy’, ‘Gipsy Cherry’, ‘Ziegeunerkirsche’), clonal selections ‘Cigány 7’, ‘Cigány 59’, ‘Cigány 404’
- ‘Coralin’
- ‘Crişana 2’
- ‘Csengődi’
- ‘Debreceni Bőtermő’
- ‘Kántorjánosi 3’
- ‘Kutahya’
- ‘Gerema’
- ‘Ilva’
- ‘Jachim’
- ‘Jade’
- ‘Latvijas Zemais’ (syn. ‘Lietuvas Zemais’, ‘Žagarvyšnė’, ‘Läti Madalkirss’)
- ‘Lyubskaya’
- ‘Marasca’
- ‘Mocăneşti 16’
- ‘Morina’
- ‘Nana’
- ‘Nefris’
- ‘Northstar’
- ‘Petri’
- ‘Rival’
- ‘Sabina’
- ‘Safir’
- ‘Sătmărean’
- ‘Spinell’
- ‘Stelar’
- ‘Šumadinka’
- ‘Tarina’
- ‘Tiki’
- ‘Timpurii de Osoi’
- ‘Vladimirskaya’
- ‘Zhivitsa’
- 5.4.1
Sour cherry cultivars with global importance
- Acknowledgements
- References
- 6: Rootstocks and Improvement
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Sweet and Sour Cherry Rootstock Breeding
- 6.2.1 Objectives in rootstock breeding
- Effect of rootstock on scion vigour and growth habit
- Effect of rootstocks on precocity, cropping and fruit quality of scion cultivars
- Graft compatibility
- Propagation opportunities and nursery value of rootstock plants
- Tolerance to environmental conditions (climate, soil) and nutrient and water supply
- Tolerance or resistance to pests and diseases
- 6.2.1 Objectives in rootstock breeding
- 6.3 Programmes of Rootstock Breeding and Major Breeding Achievements
- 6.3.1 Achievements of clonal rootstock selection and creation of their interspecific hybrids
- Other clonal rootstocks and interspecific hybrids
- 6.3.2 Achievements in seed tree selections
- 6.3.1 Achievements of clonal rootstock selection and creation of their interspecific hybrids
- 6.4 Characteristics of Sweet and Sour Cherry Rootstocks
- 6.4.1 Rootstocks of global importance
- ‘Colt’
- ‘F 12/1’
- ‘GiSelA 5’ (syn. ‘Gi 148/2’)
- ‘GiSelA 6’ (syn. ‘Gi 148/1’)
- ‘MaxMa 14’ (syn. ‘MxM 14’, ‘Brokforest’, ‘MaxMa Delbard 14’)
- P. avium seedling (syn. Mazzard)
- P. mahaleb seedling (syn. Mahaleb, Saint Lucie cherry)
- ‘Saint Lucie 64’ (syn. ‘SL 64’)
- 6.4.2 Rootstocks of local importance
- ‘Adara’
- ‘Camil’ (syn. ‘GM 79’)
- ‘Damil’ (syn. ‘GM 61/1’)
- ‘Edabriz’ (syn. ‘Tabel ® Edabriz’)
- ‘GiSelA 3’ (syn. ‘Gi 209/1’)
- ‘GiSelA 7’ (syn. ‘Gi 148/8’)
- ‘GiSelA 8’ (syn. ‘Gi 148/9’)
- ‘GiSelA 12’ (syn. ‘Gi 195/2’)
- ‘Krymsk 5’ (syn. ‘VSL-2’)
- ‘Krymsk 6’ (syn. ‘LC-52’)
- ‘MaxMa 2’ (syn. ‘MxM 2’) and ‘MaxMa 60’ (syn. ‘MxM 60’)
- ‘P-HL-A’ (syn. ‘PHL 84’)
- ‘PiKu 1’ (syn. ‘PiKu 4.20’)
- ‘Weiroot 10’ and ‘Weiroot 13’
- ‘Weiroot 53’
- ‘Weiroot 72’
- ‘Weiroot 720’
- ‘Weiroot 154’
- ‘Weiroot 158’
- 6.4.3 Dwarfing interstocks for sweet cherry
- 6.4.1 Rootstocks of global importance
- References
- 7: Rain-Induced Cracking of Sweet Cherries
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Types of Cracks
- 7.2.1 Cracks by size
- Microscopic cracks (microcracks)
- Macroscopic cracks (macrocracks)
- 7.2.2 Cracks by position
- 7.2.3 Mode of failure
- 7.2.1 Cracks by size
- 7.3 Quantifying Cracking
- 7.3.1 Quantifying cracking in the orchard
- Measuring cracking in the orchard after rainfall
- Inducing cracking under artificial rain
- 7.3.2 Laboratory-based assessments of cracking
- Cracking index (CI)
- Intrinsic cracking susceptibility
- 7.3.3 Opportunities and limitations of laboratory-based cracking assays
- 7.3.1 Quantifying cracking in the orchard
- 7.4 Factors Affecting Cracking
- 7.5 Cracking from a Mechanistic Perspective
- 7.5.1 Morphology and development of fruit skin
- Fruit skin and flesh
- Fruit growth, skin development and cuticle deposition
- 7.5.2 Mechanical properties of fruit skin and cuticle
- 7.5.3 Water potential, osmotic potential and turgor
- 7.5.4 Water transfer
- Vascular flow
- Transport across the fruit surface
- Pathways of transport
- 7.5.5 Whole-fruit water balance
- 7.5.1 Morphology and development of fruit skin
- 7.6 Prevention of Cracking
- 7.6.1 Rain shelters
- 7.6.2 Spray application of calcium salts
- 7.6.3 Use of other mineral salts
- 7.6.4 Other methods
- 7.7 Conclusions
- References
- 8: Climatic Limiting Factors: Temperature
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Temperature Control of Dormancy
- 8.2.1 Control of dormancy stages by temperature and photoperiod
- 8.2.2 Molecular control of dormancy and flowering
- 8.3 Cold Resistance and Spring Frost Damage
- 8.3.1 Molecular control of cold hardiness
- 8.3.2 Physiological effect of freezing temperatures on buds
- 8.3.3 Variations in cultivar resistance to frost damage
- 8.4 Effects of Warm Temperatures on Flower and Fruit Development
- 8.4.1 Formation of double pistils and double fruit
- 8.4.2 Variations in doublings among cultivars
- 8.5 Global Warming Consequences
- References
- 9: Environmental Limiting Factors for Cherry Production
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Abiotic Soil Factors Influencing Cherry Production
- 9.2.1 Soil organic matter
- 9.2.2 Soil pH
- 9.2.3 Soil salinity
- 9.2.4 Soil fertility
- Nitrogen (N)
- Phosphorus (P)
- Potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca)
- Micronutrients: boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu)
- 9.2.5 Soil texture, porosity and water-holding capacity
- 9.3 Biotic Soil Factors Influencing Cherry Production
- 9.3.1 Replant disease complex and root- lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans)
- 9.3.2 Other nematodes
- Ring nematode (Mesocriconema xenoplax)
- Dagger nematodes (Xiphinema spp.)
- Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)
- 9.3.3 Crown gall
- 9.3.4 Rhizosphere symbionts
- 9.3.5 General soil health
- 9.4 Seasonal Nutrient Limitations
- 9.4.1 Nitrogen
- 9.4.2 Phosphorus
- 9.4.3 Potassium, calcium and magnesium
- 9.4.4 Micronutrients: boron, zinc, manganese, iron and copper
- 9.5 Specific Nutrient Management Strategies
- 9.5.1 Fertigation
- 9.5.2 Organic and integrated nutrient management
- 9.6 Seasonal Water Limitations
- 9.6.1 Water use
- 9.6.2 Excess water
- 9.6.3 Tree water status
- Water potential
- Hydraulic conductance and water storage
- Diagnosing water stress
- 9.6.4 Mitigation of water stress
- Conversion to efficient irrigation systems
- Irrigation scheduling
- Targeted water management (water conservation)
- 9.6.5 Rootstocks and cherry water relations
- 9.6.6 Summary
- 9.7 Future Challenges
- References
- 10: Site Preparation and Orchard Infrastructure
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Site Selection
- 10.2.1 Topography
- 10.2.2 Soil characteristics
- 10.2.3 Irrigation water quality
- 10.2.4 Site history
- 10.3 Site Preparation
- 10.3.1 Designing the orchard
- 10.3.2 Soil preparation, analysis and modification
- 10.3.3 Surveying and staking the plot
- 10.4 Pollenizers and Pollinators
- 10.4.1 Pollenizers
- 10.4.2 Pollinators
- 10.5 Tree Support
- 10.6 Drainage Systems
- 10.6.1 Land forming
- 10.6.2 Surface drainage
- 10.6.3 Subsurface drainage
- 10.7 Irrigation
- 10.7.1 Traditional irrigation techniques
- 10.7.2 Microirrigation
- 10.7.3 Chemigation
- Fertigation
- Herbigation
- 10.8 Mineral Fertility and Organic Matter
- 10.8.1 Preplant fertilization
- 10.8.2 pH correction
- 10.8.3 Soil OM
- 10.9 Weed Management and Cover Cropping
- References
- 11: Orchard Microclimate Modification
- 11.1 Microclimates in Cherry Productionand Climate Change
- 11.2 Microclimate Modification
- 11.2.1 Protection from low temperatures
- 11.2.2 Enhancement of growth-promoting
temperatures
- Evaporative cooling
- Heat accumulation
- 11.2.3 Protection from rain, hail and wind
- 11.2.4 Light modification and other microclimatic considerations
- 11.3 Orchard Covers
- 11.3.1 Types of covers
- 11.3.2 Varieties, rootstocks and training systems for covered orchards
- 11.4 Effects of Orchard Covers
on Fruit Production
- 11.4.1 Flowering and fruit set
- 11.4.2 Yield and fruit size
- 11.4.3 Fruit cracking and shelf-life
- 11.4.4 Fruit sugar, organic acids, acidity, firmness and stem quality
- 11.4.5 Fruit colour and human health compounds
- 11.5 Effects of Orchard Covers
on Insects and Diseases
- 11.5.1 Beneficial insects
- 11.5.2 Insect and other arthropod pests
- 11.5.3 Diseases
- 11.6 Research Needs, Trends and Outlook
- References
- 12: Morphology, Cropping Physiology and Canopy Training
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Canopy Growth and Fruiting Habit
- 12.2.1 Precocious canopy structure, leaf, flower bud and fruit development
- 12.2.2 Seasonal growth and fruit developmental timeline
- 12.3 Canopy Photosynthesis and Carbon Distribution
- 12.3.1 Canopy and fruit photosynthesis
- 12.3.2 Source–sink relations: storage reserves, leaves and fruit
- Importance of storage reserves
- Importance of leaf area and C translocation patterns
- Fruit as a sink
- Shoot extension growth as sink and source
- Source and sink limitations
- Sink and source manipulation
- 12.4 Canopy Management
- 12.4.1 Structural establishment
- 12.4.2 Structural maintenance
- 12.4.3 Crop load management
- Scion/rootstock productivity potential
- Climatic conditions
- Crop load management during orchard development and maturation
- Plant growth regulator use for crop load management
- Precision crop load management and orchard cropping records
- 12.5 Canopy Architectures and Training Systems
- 12.5.1 Multi-dimensional/self-supported systems
- Single-leader canopies
- Multiple-leader canopies
- 12.5.2 Planar/trellised systems
- Single-leader planar canopies
- Multiple-leader planar canopies
- 12.5.3 Cultivar and rootstock genotype influence on training system
- 12.5.1 Multi-dimensional/self-supported systems
- 12.6 Future Research Trends and Needs
- References
- 13: Invertebrate and Vertebrate Pests: Biology and Management
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Description, Biology, Significance and Management of Cherry Pests
- 13.2.1 European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (L.)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.2 Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.3 Plum scale, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Fonscolombe)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.4 Black cherry aphid (cherry blackfly), Myzus cerasi (Fabricius)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.5 Summer fruit tortrix moth (reticulated tortrix), Adoxophyes orana (Fischer von Röslerstamm)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.6 Fruit-tree tortrix moth (great brown twist moth), Archips podana (Scopoli)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.7 Rose tortrix moth (European leaf roller), Archips rosana (L.)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.8 Eye-spotted bud moth (apple bud moth), Spilonota ocellana (Denis & Schiffermüller)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.9 European winter moth (common winter moth), Operophtera brumata (L.)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.10 Fruit-tree red spider mite (European red mite), Panonychus ulmi (Koch)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.11 Cherry leaf miner (apple leaf miner), Lyonetia clerkella (L.)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.12 Cherry-stone weevil, Anthonomus rectirostris (L.)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.13 Plum leaf-curling midge, Dasineura tortrix (Loew)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.14 Cherry slug sawfly (cherry slug, pear sawfly, pear slug, pear and cherry slug sawfly), Caliroa cerasi (L.)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.15 North American cherry fruit fly (eastern cherry fruit fly), Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.16 White peach scale (peach scale, white scale, West India peach scale), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti)
- Distribution
- Host range
- Life cycle
- Damage
- Ecology and management
- 13.2.17 Additional minor pests
- 13.2.1 European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (L.)
- 13.3 Critical Overview of Current Pest Management Approaches: Advantages and Limitations
- 13.3.1 Intense production: conventional management
- Fruit flies
- Aphids
- Scale insects
- Leaf rollers and caterpillars
- Spider mites
- 13.3.2 Ecologically oriented production
- 13.3.1 Intense production: conventional management
- 13.4 Trends, Challenges and New Directions in Cherry Pest Management
- 13.4.1 Global warming and impacts on cherry pest dislocations and management
- 13.4.2 Trends, challenges and IPM approaches
- Strategy of pesticide use versus pest biology and pesticide residue compliance
- Evolution of spatial orchard structure and tree canopy size
- Evolution of fruit size, colour and sugar content
- Phenology, dynamics of fruit growth and maturation
- IPM prospects
- ‘Virtual farm’ concept and site-focused IPM modelling
- Automated pest surveillance and decision-making systems
- References
- 15: Bacterial Diseases
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Crown Gall
- 15.2.1 Disease description
- 15.2.2 Pathogen
- 15.2.3 Control
- 15.3 Bacterial Canker
- 15.3.1 Disease description
- 15.3.2 Pathogen description
- 15.3.3 Control
- 15.4 Bacterial Leaf Spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni)
- 15.4.1 Disease description
- 15.4.2 Pathogen
- 15.4.3 Control
- 15.5 Other Diseases
- 15.5.1 Cherry leaf scorching associated with Xylella fastidiosa
- 15.5.2 Fire blight
- References
- 16: Viruses, Viroids, Phytoplasmas and Genetic Disorders of Cherry
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Viruses Spread by Cherry Pollen and/or Seeds
- 16.2.1 Cherry leaf roll virus
- 16.2.2 Epirus cherry virus
- 16.2.3 Prune dwarf virus
- 16.2.4 Prunus necrotic ringspot virus
- 16.3 Viruses Spread by Airborne Vectors
- 16.3.1 Cherry mottle leaf virus
- 16.3.2 Little cherry virus 1 and little cherry virus 2
- 16.3.3 Plum pox virus
- 16.4 Viruses Spread by Soil/Soil-borne Vectors
- 16.4.1 Cherry rasp leaf virus
- 16.4.2 Tomato ringspot virus
- 16.5 Viruses with No Known Vector
- 16.5.1 American plum line pattern virus
- 16.5.2 Cherry green ring mottle virus
- 16.5.3 Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus and cherry rusty mottle virus
- 16.5.4 Cherry twisted leaf associated virus
- 16.5.5 Carnation Italian ringspot virus/Petunia asteroid mosaic virus/tomato bushy stunt virus
- 16.6 Viruses that Infect Cherry with No Obvious Related Symptoms
- 16.6.1 Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus
- 16.6.2 Other viruses
- 16.7 Viroids Infecting Cherry
- 16.7.1 Peach latent mosaic viroid
- 16.7.2 Hop stunt viroid
- 16.7.3 Apple scar skin viroid
- 16.8 Phytoplasmas Infecting Cherry
- 16.8.1 European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma
- 16.8.2 X-disease group phytoplasmas (16SrIII)
- 16.8.3 Aster yellows group phytoplasmas (16SrI)
- 16.8.4 Elm yellows group phytoplasmas (16SrV)
- 16.8.5 Other phytoplasmas reported to infect cherry
- 16.9 Virus-like Diseases of Cherry with Unknown Aetiology
- 16.9.1 Cherry freckle fruit
- 16.9.2 Cherry rusty spot
- 16.9.3 Cherry short stem
- 16.9.4 Cherry stem pitting
- 16.9.5 Spur cherry
- 16.10 Disorders of Cherry Attributed to Genetic Abnormalities
- 16.10.1 Cherry crinkle leaf
- 16.10.2 Cherry deep suture
- 16.10.3 Cherry variegated leaf
- 16.10.4 Sour cherry rosette
- 16.10.5 Sour cherry leaf constriction
- References
- 17: Fruit Chemistry, Nutritional Benefits and Social Aspects of Cherries
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Fruit Chemistry
- 17.2.1 Total soluble solids
- 17.2.2 Titratable acidity
- 17.2.3 Maturation index
- 17.2.4 Volatile compounds
- 17.3 Nutritional Composition
- 17.3.1 Water
- 17.3.2 Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
- 17.3.3 Sugars
- 17.3.4 Organic acids
- 17.3.5 Minerals
- 17.3.6 Vitamins
- 17.4 Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity
- 17.4.1 Carotenoids
- 17.4.2 Phenolic compounds
- Phenolic acids
- Flavonoids
- 17.4.3 Indolamines
- 17.4.4 Antioxidant activity
- 17.5 Preharvest Factors Affecting Quality and Nutritional Compounds
- 17.5.1 Influence of cultivar
- 17.5.2 Temperature and light intensity
- 17.5.3 Ripening stage
- 17.5.4 Preharvest treatments
- 17.6 Postharvest Factors Affecting Quality and Nutritional Compounds
- 17.7 Medicinal, Traditional (Folk) and Other Usage
- 17.8 Conclusions
- References
- 18: Fruit Harvest Methods and Technologies
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Harvest Maturity
- 18.3 Hand Harvest for Fresh Market Sweet Cherries
- 18.4 Innovations in Mechanical Harvest for Fresh Market Sweet Cherries
- 18.4.1 Engineering considerations for mechanical harvest
- Prototype full-tree harvest technology
- Prototype partial-tree harvest technology
- 18.4.2 Horticultural considerations for mechanical harvest
- Canopy architecture
- Pedicel–fruit retention force
- Marketability of mechanically harvested fruit
- 18.4.1 Engineering considerations for mechanical harvest
- 18.5 Innovations in Mechanical Harvest for Processed Sour Cherries
- 18.5.1 Engineering considerations for OTR mechanical harvest
- 18.5.2 Tree considerations for OTR mechanical harvest
- References
- 19: Postharvest Biology and Handling for Fresh Markets
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Physiology of Fruit Growth and Maturation
- 19.3 Postharvest Characteristics of Sweet Cherry Fruit
- 19.3.1 Fruit quality traits and market requirements
- 19.3.2 Cultivar traits relative to postharvest performance
- 19.4 Postharvest Deterioration
- 19.4.1 Softening
- 19.4.2 Decay
- 19.4.3 Dehydration
- 19.4.4 Surface pitting
- 19.4.5 Pebbling
- 19.5 Postharvest Handling and Packaging
- 19.5.1 Harvest index
- 19.5.2 Packing line operation
- 19.5.3 Modified-atmosphere packaging
- 19.5.4 Cooling operations
- Hydrocooling
- Forced-air cooling
- Room cooling
- Packing house water sanitation
- 19.5.5 Quarantine treatments
- 19.5.6 Long-distance marine transport
- 19.6 Outlook and Challenges
- References
- 20: Processing for Industrial Uses
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Raw Fruit Quality
- 20.2.1 Characterization of raw fruit quality and cultivar variation
- 20.2.2 Causes of variation in quality
- 20.2.3 Preservation and loss of quality
- 20.2.4 Dealing with toxins: amygdalin and cyanide risk
- 20.3 Preprocessing Operations
- 20.3.1 Cleaning, sorting and advanced grading of raw fruit by quality
- 20.3.2 Stone removal
- 20.4 Processing into Products
- 20.4.1 Matching cultivars and raw fruit quality to product type and high-value products
- 20.4.2 IQF fruit
- 20.4.3 Fruit juice, nectars and concentrates
- 20.4.4 Marmalade, jam, jelly, compote, fruit sauce and puree
- 20.4.5 Canned and brined fruit
- 20.4.6 Dried fruit products and processes
- 20.4.7 Fruit wine, liqueurs and brandy
- 20.4.8 Exploitation of side streams: extraction of ingredients
- References
- Index
Статистика использования
pdf/2416073.pdf
|
|
Количество обращений: 0
За последние 30 дней: 0 Подробная статистика |
epub/2416073.epub
|
|
Количество обращений: 0
За последние 30 дней: 0 Подробная статистика |