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Название Botany, production and uses. — The fig: botany, production and uses
Другие авторы Sarkhosh Ali ; Yavari Alimohammad ; Ferguson Louise
Коллекция Электронные книги зарубежных издательств ; Общая коллекция
Тематика Fig. ; Fruit-culture. ; Fig ; Fruit-culture ; EBSCO eBooks
Тип документа Другой
Тип файла PDF
Язык Английский
Права доступа Доступ по паролю из сети Интернет (чтение, печать, копирование)
Ключ записи on1290244126
Дата создания записи 22.11.2021

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"This book provides a comprehensive review of fig growing from a scientific and horticultural perspective, covering botany, production, processing, health, and industrial uses"--.

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  • Cover
  • The Fig Botany, Production and Uses
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • About the Editors
  • Preface
  • 1 History, Archaeology and Culture
    • 1.1 Introduction
    • 1.2 Etymology
    • 1.3 Domestication, Dispersal and Archaeological Evidence of the Fig
    • 1.4 Fig in Ancient Egypt
    • 1.5 At the Beginnings of Civilization: The Fig in Neolithic Levant and East Mediterranean
    • 1.6 The Role of the Phoenicians: Figs in Greece and West Mediterranean in the Iron Age
    • 1.7 The Fig in Roman Culture
    • 1.8 The Fig Tree in the Holy Books
      • Quran (Koran)
    • Notes
    • References
  • 2 Taxonomy, Botany and Physiology
    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 Origin, Distribution and Habitat
    • 2.3 Taxonomy and Systematics
      • Phylogeny
        • Distinguishing features of F. carica
    • 2.4 Cytology
    • 2.5 Horticultural Classification
      • Domesticated fig or female fig
      • Caprifig or male fig
    • 2.6 Germplasm collection and conservation
    • 2.7 Botany
      • Tree habit
      • Root system
      • Stem wood and bark
      • Buds
      • Leaves
        • Leaf morphology
        • Leaf anatomy
      • Latex cells
      • Inflorescence
      • Flowers
      • Pollen and germination
      • Pollinator and pollination
      • Caprification and impacts on fruit set
      • Seed morphology and germination
      • Fruit
      • Parthenocarpy
    • 2.8 Phenology and reproductive Biology
      • Phenology
      • Phenology of F. carica in naturally growing conditions
        • Syconium development in caprifig trees
        • Syconium development in female fig trees
      • Phenology of Common-type figs
      • Reproductive biology
    • 2.9 Growth and Reproductive Physiology
      • Floral induction and fruit growth
      • Fruit maturation and postharvest physiology
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 3 Production and Growing Regions
    • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.2 The Fig in the Northern Hemisphere
      • Turkey
      • Egypt
      • Morocco
      • Iran
      • Algeria
      • Spain
      • Syrian Arab Republic
      • United States
      • Tunisia
      • Afghanistan
      • Albania
      • Greece
      • China
      • India
      • Japan
      • Azerbaijan
      • Italy
      • Libya
      • Mexico
      • Portugal
    • 3.3 The Fig in the Southern Hemisphere
      • Brazil
      • Peru
      • Colombia
      • South Africa
      • Argentina
      • Chile
      • Australia
    • References
  • 4 Biodiversity, Germplasm Resources and Breeding Methods
    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Biodiversity and Germplasm Resources
    • 4.3 Reproductive Biology of Ficus carica
    • 4.4 Breeding History
    • 4.5 Breeding Programmes
      • Breeding criteria
      • Criteria for rootstock improvement
      • Characters related to the tree
    • 4.6 Breeding Techniques
      • Cross-breeding
      • Interspecific hybridization
      • Mutation breeding
      • Ploidy manipulation
      • Marker-assisted selection (MAS)
      • Genomic selection
      • Genetics and genomics
      • Genetic transformation
      • Genome editing
    • 4.7 Future Perspectives
    • References
  • 5 World Fig Cultivars
    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Fig Types
    • 5.3 Fig Cultivars in the Northern Hemisphere
      • Turkey
      • Egypt
      • Morocco
      • Algeria
      • Iran
      • Syria
      • Spain
      • United States of America
      • Tunisia
      • Albania
      • India
      • China
      • Greece
      • Portugal
      • Japan
      • Italy
      • Mexico
      • France
    • 5.4 Fig Cultivars in the Southern Hemisphere
      • Brazil
      • Peru
      • South Africa
      • Argentina
      • Chile
      • Australia
    • 5.5 Characteristics of Important Fig Cultivars
      • ‘Sarilop’; syns. ‘Lob Injir’ or ‘Ingir’, ‘Erbeyli’, ‘Calimyrna’ and ‘Aidin’
      • ‘Bursa Siyahi’, ‘Bursa Black’
      • ‘Beyaz Orak’
      • ‘El Messari’
      • ‘Lambdar Labiadh’ and ‘Lambdar Lakhal’
      • ‘El Koté’
      • ‘Azendjar’
      • ‘Thaâmriwt’
      • ‘Bakkor Biadh’ (syns. ‘Amazigh’ and ‘Abakour Amellal’)
      • ‘Bakkor Khal’
      • ‘Sabz’
      • ‘Shah Anjir’
      • ‘Siah’
      • ‘Meshki’
      • ‘Al-Osaili’
      • ‘Tamouzi’
      • ‘Khudeiri’
      • ‘Calabacita’
      • ‘Albac’ (syns.: ‘Colar’, ‘Cuello Dama Negro’, ‘Mission’, ‘Franciscana’)
      • ‘Cuello Dama Blanco’ (syns.: ‘Kadota’, ‘Dottato’, ‘Ottato’)
      • ‘Mission’ (syns. ‘Black Mission’, ‘California Black’, ‘Franciscana’ and ‘Negra’)
      • ‘Brown Turkey’
      • ‘Sierra’
      • ‘King’ (‘Desert King’)
      • ‘Excel’
      • ‘Panachee’ (Tiger Fig)
      • ‘Zidi’
      • ‘Bouholi’
      • ‘Soltani’
      • ‘Bither Abiadh’ and ‘Bither Akhal’
      • ‘Bayoudhi’
      • ‘Kraps i ZI’
      • ‘Shqau’
      • ‘Rotllar’
      • ‘Kallamata’
      • ‘Poona’
      • ‘Bojihong’
      • ‘Qingpi’
      • ‘Xinjiang Huang’
      • ‘Kalamon’
      • ‘Kymis’
      • ‘Vasilika Mellisi’
      • ‘Vasilika Mavra’
      • ‘Masui Dauphine’
      • ‘Houraishi’
      • ‘Brunswick’
      • ‘Toyomitsuhime’
      • ‘Dottato’ (‘Kadota’)
      • ‘Petrelli’ (S. Giovanni, S. Antonio, Columbro)
      • ‘Tauro’ (Minghtaur, Domenico Tauro)
      • ‘Violette de Solliès’ (‘Parisienne’, ‘Bourjasotte Noire’, ‘Barnisotte’)
      • ‘Col de Dame Noire’ (‘Coll de Senyora Negra’, ‘Cuello de Dama Negra’, ‘Figues des Dames’, ‘Pera’, ‘Fraga’)
      • ‘Grise de Saint-Jean’ (‘Cotignane’, ‘Observantine’, ‘Grisette’, ‘Cordelière’, ‘Grisette de Montpellier’, ‘Coucourelle grise’, ‘Célestine’, ‘Capoutchin’ and ‘Mestissegrise’)
      • ‘Ronde de Bordeaux’
      • ‘Roxo-de-Valinhos’
      • ‘Negrito’
      • ‘Pingo de Mel’
      • ‘Parisian’ or ‘Evita’ (‘Violette de Solliès’, ‘Parisienne’, ‘Bourjasotte Noir’, ‘Barnisotte Noir’, ‘Brogiotto Nero’, ‘Negro Largo’)
      • ‘Tangier’
      • ‘Cosmic’
      • ‘Spen’
    • Conclusion
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
  • 6 Propagation Techniques and Nursery Management
    • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.2 Propagation Techniques
      • Seedlings
      • Cutting
      • Hardwood cutting
      • Bud or tip cuttings
      • Apical cuttings in lopping management
      • Herbaceous (softwood) cutting
      • Semi-hardwood cutting
      • Aerial root-cutting
      • Rooting induction with artificial auxins
      • Layering
      • Air layering
      • Stem layering
      • Grafting and budding
      • Budding
      • Softwood grafting
      • Cutting-grafting
      • Tissue culture
      • Meristem culture
      • Somatic embryogenesis
      • Encapsulation of explants
    • 6.3 Producing Rootstocks From Seeds
      • Seed extraction
      • Seed dormancy
      • Seed germination
      • Seedling propagation
      • Transplanting
      • Grafting seedlings
    • 6.4 Nursery Management
      • Production of nursery trees by cuttings
      • Soilless cultivation
    • 6.5 Rootstock
      • Graft compatibility of wild Ficus species
      • Rootstocks for drought stress
      • Rootstocks with resistance to Ceratocystis canker
      • Rootstocks for root-knot nematode and soil sickness
    • 6.6 Future Perspectives
    • References
  • 7 Environmental Requirements and Site Selection
    • 7.1 Introduction
    • 7.2 Temperature
      • Growing season temperatures
      • Dormant season temperatures
      • Chilling requirement
    • 7.3 Light
    • 7.4 Topography and Elevation
    • 7.5 Water Availability and Quality
    • 7.5 Wind
    • 7.6 Rain and humidity
    • 7.7 Soil Properties
      • Salinity
    • 7.8 Greenhouse and High-tunnel Production
      • Location
      • Topography
      • Soil
      • Water availability and quality
      • Greenhouse factors
      • Economic factors
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 8 Orchard Establishment and Management
    • 8.1 Introduction
    • 8.2 Site Selection
    • 8.3 Cultivar and Rootstock Selection
      • Rootstocks
    • 8.4 Orchard Design
      • High-density fig orchards
    • 8.5 Land Preparation Before ­Planting (Site Preparation)
    • 8.6 Irrigation System Selection and Installation
    • 8.7 Planting and Young Tree Care
      • High-density precision orchard planting
      • Young tree training
      • Mature tree pruning
      • Spring tipping to advance maturity
      • Pruning caprifig trees
      • Rejuvenation pruning
      • Girdling
    • 8.8 Orchard Floor Management
      • Mulching
      • Tillage
      • Irrigation
    • 8.9 Fertilization
    • 8.10 Caprification Management
    • 8.11 Harvesting
      • Expansion of fruit harvesting season in tropical and subtropical climate (case of Mexico)
      • Techniques to extend the harvest period
    • 8.12 Fig Cultivation in Japan
      • Cultivation history and commercial cultivars
      • Propagation
      • Establishing the field
      • Planting
      • Training and pruning
      • Irrigation and soil management
      • Pest control
      • Weed control
      • Meteorological damage
      • Protected fig cultivation in Japan
        • Heated greenhouse
        • Unheated greenhouse
        • Rain-shelter house: pipe frame structure
      • Site selection and orientation for greenhouses and tunnels
      • Cultivar and rootstock selection and planting in greenhouses and tunnels
        • Propagation techniques and nursery management
      • Irrigation
      • Pruning and training ‘Masui Dauphine’ (straight-line training)
      • ‘Houraishi’ (open-center training)
      • Temperature control: unheated greenhouse
      • Temperature control: heated greenhouse
      • Light control
      • Covering time and sprouting management in heated greenhouses
      • Period before harvest
      • During the harvesting season
      • Fertilization and soil management
    • 8.13 Rainfed Orchard Establishment and Management
      • Rainwater harvesting
      • Training and pruning rainfed trees
      • Rejuvenation pruning and thinning
      • Management of physiological disorders
        • Sunburn
        • Fruit splitting
        • Fruit drop
    • References
  • 9 Fig Wasps and Pollination
    • 9.1 Introduction
    • 9.2 Pollinator Wasp and Other Organisms Associated with Ficus carica
    • 9.3 Pollination Biology of Wild Common Fig, Ficus carica in its Native Habitat
    • 9.4 Fig Crops and Pollination Biology of Cultivated Common Fig, Ficus carica, in its Native Range
    • 9.5 The History of Fig Cultivation and Pollination
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 10 Soil and Nutritional Requirements
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Nutrition
    • 10.3 Macronutrient
      • Nitrogen
      • Phosphorus
      • Potassium
      • Calcium
      • Magnesium
      • Sulfur
    • 10.4 Micronutrients
      • Iron
      • Zinc
      • Copper
      • Manganese
      • Boron
    • 10.5 Salinity and Sodicity
    • 10.6 Production Practices
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
  • 11 Irrigation and Water Requirements
    • 11.1 Introduction
    • 11.2 Irrigating Fig Orchards
    • 11.3 Supplemental Irrigation of Rainfed Orchards
    • 11.4 Effects of Irrigation on Fig Tree Growth and Yield
      • Root length density
      • Yield
      • Fruit quality
      • Physiological parameters
    • 11.5 Irrigation Water Requirements of Figs
    • 11.6 Selection of Irrigation Method
      • Irrigation water quality
    • 11.7 Fertigation
    • References
  • 12 Fungal, Bacterial and Nematode Diseases in Figs
    • 12.1 Introduction
    • 12.2 Gall Diseases
      • Crown gall
      • Nectriella stem gall
    • 12.3 Leaf Diseases
      • Anthracnose
      • Bacterial leaf spot
      • Leaf blight
      • Leaf spot
      • Rust
    • 12.4 Fruit Diseases
      • Alternaria rot
      • Aspergillus mold
      • Endosepsis
      • Phytophthora fruit rot
      • Sclerotium blight
      • Smut
      • Soft rot
      • Sooty mold
      • Souring
    • 12.5 Limb Diseases
      • Botrytis limb blight
      • Branch wilt
      • Pink limb blight
    • 12.6 Canker Diseases
      • Bacterial canker
      • Ceratocystis canker
      • Diaporthe canker
    • 12.7 Root and Crown Diseases
      • Armillaria root rot
      • Phytophthora root rot
      • Rosellinia root and crown rot
    • 12.8 Nematodes
      • Plant Resistance.
      • Soil Solarization.
      • Sanitation.
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 13 Fig Viruses, Viroids and Phytoplasmas
    • 13.1 Introduction
    • 13.2 Fig Mosaic Virus
    • 13.3 Fig badnavirus 1
    • 13.4 Fig Closterovirids
    • 13.5 Fig Fleck-associated Virus
    • 13.6 Fig Latent Virus 1
    • 13.7 Fig Cryptic Virus
    • 13.8 Viroids
    • 13.9 Phytoplasmas
    • 13.10 Control
    • References
  • 14 Arthropod Pests of Fig and Their Management
    • 14.1 Introduction
    • 14.2 Lepidoptera
      • Fig leaf roller, Phycodes radiata Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Brachodidae)
        • Management
      • Navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
        • Management
      • Fig tree skeletonizer moth/Fig leaf roller, Choreutis nemorana (Hübner, 1799) (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae)
        • Management
      • Fig tree moth, Ocnerogyia amanda (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
        • Management
    • 14.3 Coleoptera
      • Tropical fig borer or red spotted long horned beetle, Batocera rufomaculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
        • Management
      • Fig tree borer, Phryneta spinator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
      • Driedfruit beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
        • Driedfruit beetle: Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus); Freeman sap beetle: Carpophilus freemani Dobson; Confused sap beetle: Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson
        • Management
      • Darkling ground beetle, Blapstinus fuliginosus Casey (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), commonly known as false wireworm
        • Management
      • Bark beetle, Hypocryphalus scabricollis (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
        • Management
      • Ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
        • Management
      • Fig bark beetle, Hypoborus ficus (Erichson, 1836) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
    • 14.4 Hemiptera
      • Fig whitefly, Singhiella simplex (Singh) (Hemiptera: Aleurodidae)
        • Management
      • Fig psylla, Macrohomotoma gladiata (Kuwayama 1908) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)
        • Management
      • Fig psylla, Homotoma ficus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)
      • Management
      • Other hemipteran insects
    • 14.5 Diptera
      • Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
        • Management
      • Other fruit flies
      • Vinegar flies, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
        • Management
      • Other flies
      • Black fig fly, Silba adipata McAlpine (Diptera: Lonchaeidae)
        • Management
    • 14.6 Thysanoptera
      • Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
        • Management
    • 14.7 Hymenoptera
    • 14.8 Acari
      • Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
        • Management
      • Other mites
    • 14.9 Vertebrate Pests
      • Bird damage
      • Garden Warbler, Sylvia borin (Boddaert)
      • Rodents
    • References
  • 15 Fig Fruit Maturity, Harvest Methods and Technologies
    • 15.1 Introduction
    • 15.2 Maturity Definition
    • 15.3 Fruit Growth and Development
      • Changes in fruit quality attributes
    • 15.4 Parthenocarpic and pollinated fig
    • 15.5 Genetic Differences for Ripening Among Cultivars
    • 15.6 Harvesting Time, Methods and Handling
      • Fresh fig
      • Dried fig
    • References
  • 16 Postharvest Physiology and Physiological Disorders of Fresh Fig Fruits
    • 16.1 Introduction
    • 16.2 Fruit Ripening and Quality
    • 16.3 Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity
    • 16.4 Postharvest Challenges
    • 16.5 Postharvest Treatment of Fig Fruits
      • Postharvest handling
      • Fruit sorting and grading
      • Temperature management
      • Controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)
      • SO2 fumigation
      • MCP
    • 16.6 Emerging Technologies
      • Cold plasma technology
      • Chlorine dioxide
      • Edible coating
      • Biocontrol
    • 16.7 Fruit Cracking
    • 16.8 General Remarks
    • References
  • 17 Processing and Industrialization
    • 17.1 Introduction
    • 17.2 Methods of Processing
    • 17.3 Fig Drying
    • 17.4 Methods of Drying
      • Sun drying
      • Solar drying
      • Oven drying
      • Osmotic dehydration
    • 17.5 More on Drying: Pre- and Post-drying Treatments
    • 17.6 Other Processing Methods
      • Freezing
      • Canning
      • Jelly
      • Jam
      • Powder
    • 17.7 Other Processed Fig Products
      • Syrup and paste
      • Achenes oil
      • Fruit latex
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 18 Fig and Health
    • 18.1 Introduction
    • 18.2 Nutrient Composition of Fresh and Dried Figs
      • Carbohydrates
      • Organic acids
      • Proteins
      • Vitamins
      • Fatty acids
      • Fiber
      • Minerals
    • 18.3 Phytochemicals in Fresh and Dried Figs
      • Phenolic compounds
      • Furanocoumarins
      • Volatile compounds
      • Phytosterols
      • Terpenoids
      • Carotenoids
    • 18.4 Functional Food Properties of Figs
    • 18.5 Health Benefits of Figs
      • Antihyperlipidemic and anti- cholesterolimic effects
      • Antidiabetic and antiobesogenic effects
      • Cardiovascular diseases
      • Anticancer effect
      • Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory
      • Antioxidant capacity
      • Bone health
      • Anticonstipation
      • Other health benefits
    • 18.6 Traditional and Modern Medicinal Uses of Different Parts of the Fig Tree (Leaf, Shoot Bark and Latex)
      • Traditional medicinal uses
      • Modern medicinal uses (pharmacological activities)
      • Leaf and shoot bark
      • Latex
    • 18.7 Fig and Allergy
    • 18.8 Novel Products/Formulations and Future Trends
    • References
  • 19 World Fig Market
    • 19.1 Introduction
    • 19.2 World Fig Production
      • Turkey
      • Egypt
      • Algeria
      • Morocco
      • Iran
    • 19.3. World Fig Consumption
    • 19.4. World Fig Trade
      • Fig exporting countries
      • Fig importing countries
    • 19.5. Competitiveness and Market Power in the World Fig Market
    • 19.6. Prioritizing Target Export Markets for Iran and Turkey
    • 19.7. Fig Export Standards
      • Dried fig quality standards
      • Fresh fig quality standards
    • References
  • Index
  • Cabi
  • Back_Cover
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