This encyclopaedia of one of the major fields of language studies is a continuously updated source of state-of-the-art information for anyone interested in language use. The IPrA 'Handbook of Pragmatics' provides easy access - for scholars with widely divergent backgrounds but with convergent interests in the use and functioning of language - to the different topics, traditions and methods which together make up the field of Pragmatics, broadly conceived as the cognitive, social and cultural study of language and communication, i.e. the science of language use. 0The 'Handbook of Pragmatics' is a reference work for researchers, which has been expanded and updated continuously with annual installments since 1995.

• Handbook of Pragmatics. 21st Annual Installment
• Editorial page
• Title page
• Copyright page
• Table of contents
• Editors’ note
  • Acknowledgments
• User’s guide
  • Introduction
  • The handbook format
  • About the cumulative index
• Language psychology
  • 1. Overview
  • 2. History
  • 3. Language psychology, psycholinguistics and related perspectives
  • 4. Micro sociology: Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis
  • 5. The macro in the micro: Discourse, conversational inference and ­linguistic indexicality
  • 6. Perception of mental states in (inter)action
    • 6.1 Social cognition perspectives
    • 6.2 Studying mentalizing processes in situ
  • References
• Linear Unit Grammar
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Chunking ongoing speech
  • 3. Perception of boundaries
  • 4. Types of chunks
    • 4.1 Types of “O” elements
    • 4.2 Types of “M” elements
  • 5. Linear units of meaning
  • 6. Conclusion
  • Primary data
  • References
• Truth-conditional pragmatics
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Gricean pragmatics and truth-conditional meaning
  • 3. Neo-Gricean pragmatics and the division of linguistic labour
    • 3.1 Horn’s Q and R principles
      • 3.1.1 The division of linguistic labour
      • 3.1.2 What is communicated
    • 3.2 Levinson’s heuristics
      • 3.2.1 Grice’s circle and its solution
      • 3.2.2 Counter-examples
  • 4. Post-Gricean pragmatics, implicature and explicature
    • 4.1 The domain of explicature
    • 4.2 The limits of implicatures
    • 4.3 The relation between semantics and pragmatics
      • 4.3.1 Lexical meaning and pragmatics
      • 4.3.2 Procedural meaning
      • 4.3.3 Synthesis
  • 5. Truth-conditional pragmatics
  • 6. Conclusion: The semantics-pragmatics interface revisited
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
• Benedict Anderson’s imagined communities
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Benedict Anderson’s message
  • 3. Language and identity
  • 4. States need languages
  • 5. Old languages, new models
  • 6. Standard languages and non-standard speakers
  • 8. Linguistic habitus and speaker strategies
  • 9. Conclusion – imagined communities, imagined languages
  • References
• Emotions
  • 1. Overview
  • 2. A philosophical perspective on emotion and language
  • 3. A neuroscience perspective
  • 4. Linguistics and emotions: A cognitive perspective under construction
  • 5. The pragmatic path: Beyond meaning
  • 6. Final thoughts
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
• Language maintenance and shift
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Statistical studies of factors influencing language maintenance and shift
  • 3. Domains of use
  • 4. Family language policy
  • 5. Institutional support for heritage language learning and use
  • 6. Challenges for language maintenance and shift research
  • 7. Conclusion
• Mianzi/lian
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Conceptualizations of mianzi/lian in historical literature
    • 2.1 Socio-cultural interpretations of mianzi/lian
    • 2.2 Culture-specific accounts of mianzi/lian
  • 3. Differentiation of Chinese face from English-based face and politeness
    • 3.1 Differences between generalized concepts of face in Chinese and English
    • 3.2 Differences in how face relates to politeness in Chinese and English
    • 3.3 Differences of positive and negative face in Chinese and English
  • 4. Reinterpreting Chinese mianzi/lian in interaction
    • 4.1 Similarities and differences in mianzi/lian representations
    • 4.2 Similarities and differences in orientation to the self and others
  • 5. Concluding remarks
  • References
• Roman Jakobson
  • 1. Biography
  • 2. Phonology: Phonemes and distinctive features
  • 3. Morphology
  • 4. Child language, aphasia, language universals
  • 5. The model of communication
  • 6. The essence of language: Combination
  • References
• Stance
  • 1. General overview
  • 2. Forms and functions of stance
    • 2.1 Epistemic stance
    • 2.2 Affective stance
    • 2.3 Stance-displaying devices beyond lexis and grammar
  • 3. The stance triangle
    • 3.1 Evaluation
    • 3.2 Positioning
    • 3.3 Alignment
    • 3.4 Previous research on stance alignment
  • 4. Contextualization of stance: The local-global nexus
    • 4.1 The local context: Dialogicality and sequentiality
    • 4.2 The global context: Indexicality and consequences
  • 5. Summary and implications of stance
  • References
• Style and styling
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Style and context
  • 3. Style and social meaning
  • 4. Performing styles: Stylization and cultural reflexivity
  • 5. An example
  • References
• Superdiversity
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Ideas about contact
  • 3. Ideas about language, continuity, and change
  • 4. Ideas about identity
  • 5. Ideas about community
  • 6. Ideas about approaches
  • 7. Conclusion
  • References
• Tactile sign languages
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Body position and contact in tactile signing
  • 3. Question formation
  • 4. Turn-taking
  • 5. Feedback
  • 6. Environmental information
  • 7. A note on data collection
  • 8. Conclusion
  • References
• Cumulative index