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Table of Contents
- Negation and Speculation Detection
- Editorial page
- Title page
- Copyright page
- Table of contents
- Acknowledgements
- List of Abbreviations
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Motivation
- 1.2 Negation and speculation in natural language
- 1.3 Basic notions
- 1.4 Application domains
- 1.5 Structure of the book
- 2. Negation
- 2.1 Definition of negation
- 2.2 Types of negation
- 2.3 Negation detection
- 2.3.1 Rule-based approaches
- 2.3.2 Machine learning based systems
- 2.3.3 Hybrid approaches
- 2.3.4 Deep learning
- 2.3.5 Other works
- 2.4 Conclusions and chapter summary
- 2.5 Further reading and relevant resources
- Suggestions for further reading
- 3. Speculation
- 3.1 Defining speculation
- 3.2 Speculation detection
- 3.3 Conclusions and chapter summary
- 3.4 Further reading and relevant resources
- Suggestions for further reading
- 4. Applications
- 4.1 Information extraction
- 4.2 Sentiment analysis and opinion mining
- 4.3 Recognising textual entailment
- 4.4 Machine translation
- 4.5 Information retrieval
- 4.6 Other tasks
- 4.7 Conclusions and chapter summary
- 4.8 Further reading and relevant resources
- Suggestions for further reading
- 5. Resources
- 5.1 Annotated corpora
- 5.2 Tools
- 5.3 Evaluation
- 5.3.1 Evaluation measures for cue identification
- 5.3.2 Evaluation measures for scope resolution
- 5.4 Conclusions and chapter summary
- 5.5 Further reading and relevant resources
- Suggestions for further reading
- 6. Future trends and discussion
- 6.1 Future trends
- 6.2 Discussion
- 6.3 Final remarks
- Glossary
- References
- Subject index
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