Details

This is the first book to bring economists and applied entomologists together to make the case for better integrated pest management strategies in crops based on economic arguments and analyses.

• The Economics of Integrated Pest Management of Insects
• Copyright
• Contents
• Contributors
• Preface
• 1 Major Economic Issues in Integrated Pest Management
  • Basic Economics of Management
  • System Design
  • Economic Studies for the Major Approaches to IPM
    • Design changes and choices made for the long term
      • Classical biological control
      • Choice of livestock breed and crop variety
      • Schedule for crop or livestock paddock rotation
      • Physical design of landscape
    • Control based on decisions during a season
      • Augmentative biological control
      • Insecticides and chemicals used to attract, confuse or repel pests
      • Genetic control
  • The Challenge and the Opportunity
  • References
• 2 Economic Evaluation of Integrated Mosquito Control in Urban Areas
  • What is Economic Evaluation?
  • Why Do We Need an Economic Evaluation?
  • Framework for an Economic Evaluation
    • Phase 1 Research question
    • Phase 2 Study design
    • Phase 3 Identify, measure, value costs and outcomes
      • Identify, measure and value costs
      • Strategies in measuring costs
      • Strategies in valuing outcomes
      • Past empirical studies
    • Phase 4 Calculate the incremental costs and outcomes
  • Case Study: AWPM in New Jersey
    • Cost of AWPM
    • The impact of AWPM
      • Hours lost due to mosquitoes in urban areas
      • The utility associated with AWPM
      • WTP for AWPM and for an extra mosquito-free hour
  • Instrument to Estimate WTP
  • Results of WTP for AWPM Programme
  • The Monetary Value of an Additional Hour an Adult Resident Spends Enjoying Yard and Porch Activities Free of Mosquitoes During a Typical Summer Week
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  • Results: WTP for an Additional Mosquito-Free Hour Engaged in Yard and Porch Activities
    • Economic evaluation of AWPM in New Jersey
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• 3 What Can We Learn from More Recent (and More ‘Rigorous’) Economic Impact Assessments of Integrated Pest Management Farmer Field Schools (IPM-FFS)?
  • Methods: Structure of the Review Approach
    • Descriptive information on the studies reviewed
  • Economic Impact Evidence from Recent Studies
    • Yield effects
    • Input use effects
    • Effects on profits and/or income
    • Effects on adoption of FFS-recommended practices
      • Effects on knowledge
    • Effects on other outcomes: spillovers, food security and poverty
  • Conclusions and Implications
  • References
• 4 Economic Value of Arthropod Biological Control
  • Concepts and Methods
    • Measuring farm-level impacts
    • Measuring market-level impacts
    • Benefit–cost analysis
    • Externalities – non-market benefits and costs
  • Introductory (Classical) Biological Control
    • The record of evaluations
    • Economic approaches and outcomes
  • Augmentative Biological Control
  • Conservation Biological Control
    • The record of evaluations
    • Economic approaches and outcomes
      • Modified insecticide use and economic thresholds
      • Habitat manipulation
  • Considerations for Moving Forward
    • Constraints to uptake of biological control
    • Hard technology, advantage and challenge to biological control
  • References
• 5 Economics of Host-Plant Resistance
  • Native Traits
  • Transgenic Insecticidal Crops
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 6 Economic Principles and Concepts in Area-Wide Genetic Pest Management
  • Overview of Technologies Created and Proposed
    • Proposed transgenic refinements to traditional SIT programmes
    • Conditional lethal approaches
    • Gene drives
    • Interaction with other pest control tools
  • Economic Principles for Efficient GPM
    • Fixed and recurring costs of GPM
    • Distinctions of GPM benefits over time and space
    • A simple intertemporal decision model for efficient GPM
    • Spatial considerations in GPM planning
    • Monitoring and local eradication
    • Integration with other control measures
    • Uncertainty, irreversibility and option value
  • GPM as a Public Good (or Bad)
  • Conclusions
  • Appendix 6.1: Regression Analysis of SIT Fixed Costs
  • Appendix 2: Bio-economic Analysis of Grower Behaviour Interactions with GPM
  • References
• 7 Economic Thresholds and Sampling in Integrated Pest Management
  • Basic Concepts and Techniques
  • Sampling in IPM
  • The Cost and Value of Sampling
  • Economic Thresholds for Multiple Species
  • Case Studies
    • Maize IPM in the United States
    • Alfalfa pests in the United States
    • Soybean pests in Brazil and the United States
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 8 Economic Impacts of Integrated Pest Management Practices in Developing Countries
  • Impacts of IPM Practices in Asia
    • Rice
    • Vegetables and fruits
    • Other crops
  • Impacts of IPM Practices in Africa
  • Impacts of IPM Practices in Latin America/Caribbean
  • Summary and Discussion of Economic Impacts of IPM in Developing Countries
  • References
• 9 The Roles of Soft Technologies and Cooperative Extension in Solving Wicked Integrated Pest Management Problems
  • IPM Complications
    • Industry-wide adoption of single tactic leading to overdependence
    • Genetically engineered crops
      • Glyphosate-resistant crops
      • Insecticidal crops
    • Prophylactic control
      • Seed treatments
      • Foliar treatments
    • Human behaviour
      • Consumer demand
      • Preference for organic foods and crops not genetically engineered
      • Farmer behaviour
  • IPM Successes
    • A nascent IPM success example
    • A mature IPM success example
  • The Future of IPM
    • Concentrated external influences
    • Site-specific management
    • Increased ability to predict pest problems
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 10 Perseverance Pays Off: Finishing the Integrated Pest Management Marathon with Economics
  • Strategies for Integrated Pest Management
  • Funding for IPM Research and Economics
  • Education, Cooperative Extension and Farmer Field Schools
  • Innovation and Technology
  • Conclusions
  • References
• Index