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Table of Contents
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Fermi’s Notes
- 1.2 Plan of the Book
- 2. Gravity and the Earth
- 2.1 The Earth’s Gravity
- 2.2 Earth’s Gravitational Potential
- 2.3 Pressure at the Center of the Earth
- 2.4 The Moments of Inertia of the Earth
- 2.5 Motions of the Earth’s Axis
- 2.6 Equinoxes and Solstices
- 2.7 Precession of the Equinoxes
- 2.8 Free Rotational Motion
- 3. Heat and the Atmosphere
- 3.1 First Law of Thermodynamics
- 3.2 State Variables
- 3.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
- 3.4 Ideal Gas
- 3.5 Chemical Potential
- 3.6 The Boundary between Phases
- 3.7 Moist Air
- 3.8 Atmospheric Composition and Temperature
- 3.9 Temperature vs. Altitude
- 3.10 The Upper Atmosphere
- 4. Atmospheric Loss
- 4.1 Maxwell Distribution
- 4.2 Escape Velocity
- 4.3 Lifetime of Atmosphere
- 4.4 Magnitude of Particle Losses
- 4.5 Helium
- 4.6 Speed of Sound
- 5. Liquid Drop Physics
- 5.1 Vapor Pressure and Raindrops
- 5.2 Liquid Drops Affect Vapor Pressure
- 5.3 Properties of Falling Raindrops
- 6. Coriolis Effects
- 6.1 The Coriolis Force
- 6.2 Coriolis Effects in the Atmosphere
- 6.3 Hurricanes
- 7. Radiation at the Surface
- 7.1 Surface of the Earth
- 7.2 Crust of the Earth
- 7.3 Composition of the Oceans
- 7.4 Surface Temperature Equilibrium
- 7.5 Black Body Radiation
- 7.6 Planck’s Formula
- 7.7 Special Cases
- 8. Ocean Properties
- 8.1 Heat Current
- 8.2 The Heat Equation
- 8.3 Diurnal Temperature Variation
- 8.4 Temperature of Seawater
- 8.5 Ocean Circulation
- 9. Gravity Waves
- 9.1 Dispersion Relations
- 9.2 Euler’s Equation
- 9.3 Small Amplitude Surface Waves
- 10. Tide Physics
- 10.1 Effects of the Moon
- 10.2 The Tidal Potential
- 10.3 Water-Covered Earth
- 10.4 Time Dependence of Tides
- 10.5 Tides on Lakes and Seas
- 11. Earthquake Properties
- 12. Seismic Waves
- 12.1 Elementary Seismographs
- 12.2 Seismic Waves
- 12.3 Strain and the Strain Tensor
- 12.4 Stress and the Stress Tensor
- 12.5 Hooke’s Law
- 12.6 Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio
- 12.7 Stress and Strain
- 12.8 Newton’s Law in a Solid
- 12.9 The Equation of Motion for Displacement
- 12.10 Longitudinal and Transverse
- 12.11 Snell’s Law for Elastic Waves
- 13. Surface Seismic Waves
- 13.1 Surface Waves
- 13.2 Oscillations of the Earth
- 13.3 Breather Mode
- 14. Radioactivity
- 14.1 Historical Note
- 14.2 The Sixth Washington Conference
- 14.3 The Earth’s Density
- 14.4 Estimates of the Age of the Earth
- 14.5 Radioactive Decay Equation
- 14.6 Radioactivity within the Earth
- 14.7 Uranium Decays
- 14.8 Radioactive Dating
- 15. Heat Flow in the Earth
- 15.1 Surface Heat Variations
- 15.2 Heat at the Earth’s Surface
- 15.3 Scales in Heat Conduction
- 15.4 Heat Equilibrium
- 16. Earth Magnetism
- 16.1 Units
- 16.2 Magnetic Moments
- 16.3 Magnetic Field of the Earth
- 16.4 Earth Magnetization
- 16.5 Rotation of Charges
- 16.6 Currents inside the Earth
- 16.7 Magnetosphere
- 16.8 Magnetic Storms
- 16.9 Magnetic Potential Expansion
- 17. Atmospheric Electricity
- 17.1 Overview
- 17.2 Properties of the Electrosphere
- 17.3 Water Drops in an Electric Field
- 18. Atmospheric Plasma
- 18.1 Ions in the High Atmosphere
- 18.2 Atmospheric Radio Waves
- 18.3 Other Effects
- 18.4 Double Refraction
- Afterword
- Appendix A. Earth Days
- Appendix B. Torque on the Earth
- Appendix C. Rayleigh Waves
- Bibliography
- Index
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